Logarithmic and

Exponential
Properties
Engr. Mark Jexter A. Sibayan
 Logarithmic Properties
If a and b are positive numbers and n is rational,
then the following properties are true:
Expanding Logarithmic Expression
3. Solve for x
Expanding Logarithmic Expression
1.

2.
Expanding Logarithmic Expression
 The Number e
The symbol e was first used by mathematician
Leonhard Euler to represent the base of natural
logarithm in a letter to another mathematician,
Christian Goldbach, in 1731.
Relationship of Natural Logarithm and the Number e

If , then

e is an irrational number equal to 2.71828182845… and is used as a

base for natural exponential functions, such as
ln is a natural logarithm with e as its base () and is used to determine the
exponents of natural exponential functions. Natural logarithmic functions take
the form,

and
Sample Problem