Autism Spectrum

disorder
Prepared by: Sanarya & Bareza & Frmesk

Supervised by: M. Nabaz

● What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition involving persistent challenges with social
communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behavior. While autism is considered a lifelong disorder, the
degree of impairment in functioning because of these challenges varies between individuals with autism.

It is determined during the second year of life, sometimes the

first year may show itself. (12 months to 18 months of age or
earlier).

× Many children do not receive a diagnosis until they are

older
 ● Common symptoms of autism include:

-A lack of eye contact

-A narrow range of interests or intense interest in certain topics
-Delayed speech and communication skills

-Engaging in repetitive behavior such as flapping hands

_High sensitivity to sounds, touches, smells, or sights that seem ordinary to other people

-Not looking at things when another person points at them

-Trouble adapting to changes in routine

causes of autism

genetic

enviromental factor
Risk factors

● Your child's sex.

Boys are about four times more likely to develop autism spectrum disorder than girls are.

● Family history
● Extremely preterm babies
● Parents' ages.
Prevalence

● About 1 in 44 children has been identified with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) according to estimates from
CDC’s Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network.

● ASD is reported to occur in all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups.

● ASD is more than 4 times more common among boys than among girls
 Types of autism
1-Asperger's syndrome. This is on the milder end of the autism spectrum. A person with Asperger's may be
very intelligent and able to handle their daily life. But they have a much harder time socially.

2-Pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). This mouthful of a diagnosis
included most children whose autism was more severe than Asperger's syndrome.
3-Autistic disorder. This older term is further along the autism spectrum than Asperger’s and PDD-NOS. It
includes the same types of symptoms, but at a more intense level.

4-Childhood disintegrative disorder. This was the rarest and most severe part of the spectrum. It
described children who develop normally and then quickly lose many social, language, and mental skills, usually
between ages 2 and 4. Often, these children also developed a seizure disorder.

5-Rett Syndrome Rett syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that is noticed in infancy. The disorder
mostly affects girls, although it can still be diagnosed in boys. Rett syndrome presents challenges that affect almost
every aspect of a child's life.
 Diagnosis

• Based on a child's social difficulties, behavioral patterns, and poor ability to

communicate, Autism is usually detected by age 3.
Key in the diagnosis are:
• impaired social interaction and communication
• limited and repetitive behaviors
 Treatment

No cure exists for autism spectrum disorder, The goal of treatment is to maximize your
child's ability to function by reducing autism spectrum disorder symptoms.

1. Behavioral Therapy
2. Physical Therapy (PT)
3. Occupational Therapy
4. Speech-language therapy
5. Medications
6. Nutritional Therapy
7. Cognitive behavior therapy
 Complications

• Problems in school and with successful learning

• Inability to live independently
• Social isolation
• Stress within the family
• Seizure disorder
 Physical exercises for autistic children

1.Bear crawls

 Bear crawls help develop body awareness, improve coordination and motor planning, and build
strength in the trunk and upper body.

 Start by kneeling on all fours, with hands under shoulders and knees under hips.

 Extend legs until slightly bent. Spread your fingers wide to have optimal contact with the floor.
2.Medicine ball slams

1. Throwing weighted objects like medicine balls can increase core strength and balance and help improve
coordination. It may also have therapeutic benefits and can stimulate brain centers responsible for short-
term memory.

2. Begin in a standing position, holding a medicine ball in both hands.

3. Raise the ball up overhead with straight arms.

4. Slam the ball down to the ground with as much force as possible.
3.Star jumps

1. Jumping tasks are a great full-body exercises that help improve cardiovascular endurance, strengthen legs and
the core, and increase body awareness. Star jumps can be performed anywhere and can be done one at a time
or in multiple repetitions.
1. 4. Arm circles

2. Stand with feet shoulder-width apart, arms by your side.

3. Extend arms straight out to the side at shoulder height.

4. Start making small circles with the hands, keeping the arms straight.
 5. Mirror exercises

1. Autism is typically marked by difficulty interacting with others or the environment. Mirror
exercises encourage the child to mimic what another person is doing, which can increase
coordination, body awareness, and social skills.

2. Stand to face a partner, hands by your side.

3. Have your partner start making slow movements with their arms. Try starting with circles
and progressing to more complex patterns.