HYDROCEPHALUS
• The setting-sun phenomenon is an
Types:
●Communicating
hydrocephalus occurs when
the flow of CSF is blocked
after it leaves your ventricles.
It is called communicating
because the CSF can still flow
between your ventricles, which
remain open.
●Non-communicating
hydrocephalus occurs when
the flow of CSF is blocked
along one or more of the
narrow passages connecting
your ventricles.
Signs and Symptoms of Hydrocephalus:
ophthalmologic sign in young children
Definition : Hydrocephalus is a condition resulting from upward-gaze paresis. In this
characterised by an abnormal accumulation of condition, the eyes downward, the sclera
cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain may be seen between the upper eyelid and
which causes potentially damaging increased the iris, and part of the lower pupil may be
pressure in the head covered by the lower eyelid. 
• Macewen’s sign
• Unusually large head (macrocephaly)
Cause of hydrocephalus :
• Rapid increase in size of head, a bulging or
Hydrocephalus occurs when the body makes more
tense soft spot (anterior fontanelle) on top of
cerebrospinal fluid than the brain absorbs. A child may
the head
be born with this, but it can happen to a person at any
• Shiny scalp with prominent scalp vein.
age. Older children or adults with an abnormal growth
• Poor feeding, seizures,
in the head (tumor) or a head injury can develop
• Deficit in : muscle tone and strength,
hydrocephalus.  
responsiveness to touch, expected growth
It has two base causes: the bloodstream is not fully
• Vomiting
absorbing the fluid due to a damaged filter in the brain
• Sleeplessness
and the flow of fluid within the ventricles is blocked.
• Irritability
• Patchy and dry skin.
Transillumination test can reveal
Hydrocephalus.
Treatment:
1) Ventriculo Peritoneal Shunt for Treating
Hydrocephalus:
2) Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy