GROUP 6

NIKKI ROSE CORONGAY DIANNE ROBRIGADO

ANGELICA MIJARES CLARISSA RELOS
MELJOY ANASCO JAMINE FRANCISCO
ABSTRACT
• Summary of the research paper.
• Often found at the beginning of the book bound
work.
is a short description, or a condensation of a piece
of writing.
It is a time saving device that is highly popular
with the executives. (Mills and Walter, 1954)
Contents of an Abstract
1. Statement of the problem and hypothesis

2. Research design (includes: research methods used, research

setting, population, sample, sampling procedure, instrumentation,
data gathering methods and treatment of data;

3. A summary of the highlights.

.
4. Conclusions.

5. Recommendations of the study.

 Data to be Copied from a Thesis
Paper (Garcia, 2000):
1. The title of the thesis, the name of the author, and the
date when it was written.

2. The statement of the problem and the statement of the

hypothesis of the previous research study.
3. The research design of the previous research work.
4. The conclusions and recommendations of previous
 Guidelines in Writing an Abstract
(Garcia, 2000):
1. For a dissertation, an abstract of
approximately 300-350 words (about 1 ½
to 2 pages) is advisable. (U.P. Handbook,
1998), while for theoretical and
methodological studies, the abstract
should be limited to 250-500 words.
 Guidelines in Writing an Abstract
(Garcia, 2000):
2. The abstract should be concise and well-written
and should aptly describe the problem of your
research, its significance, the methods, techniques
and data you used, how they were analyzed and
interpreted and possibly what results were found.

3. It should be type-written, double spaced.

EXAMPLE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- a list of books, journals, periodicals, electronic
materials, electronic publications and other
documents used in the presentation of research
paper.
- List of works on a subject or by an author that
were used or consulted to write a research paper,
book or article. (LLR, 2019)
Reasons for preparing Bibliography
1. It provides the researcher a list of materials to
survey
2. It enables the researcher to learn and develop
comprehensively various aspects of a chosen
topic.
3. It helps the researcher limit the research topic.
Usefulness of Bibliography to the Reader
1. It enables the readers to verify
thedocumentation provided in the research paper.
2. It provides them with a list of further readings
on the subject.
3. It enables them to estimate the probable value
of the paper on the bases of the range, up-to-
dateness and reliability of the sources used.
DIFFERENT EXAMPLES OF BIBLIOGRAPHY
 BOOKS MLA APA CHICAGO
With 1 author James, Henry. The MacDonald, R.G. James, Henry, Martin
Ambassadors. Serenity, (2007). Biochemistry. Wright Sampson, and
2009. New York, NY: McGraw John C. Gerber. The
Hill. Ambassadors. New
York: Harper and Row,
1948.
.
With 2 or more Wilson, Charles, and McKee, T. & McKee, Liam P. Unwin and
authors Eric Schlosser. Chew on J.R. (2009). Business Joseph Galloway, Peace
This: Everything You ethics: The moral basis In Ireland (Boston:
Don't Want to Know of commerce (4th ed.). Stronghope Press,
about Fast Food. New York, NY: Oxford 1990), 139.
Houghton Mifflin, University Press.
2007.

JOURNAL MLA APA CHICAGO

Printed Jacoby, William G. “Public Attitudes
Toward Government Spending.”
American Journal of Political Science,
vol. 38, no. 2, 1994, pp. 336-61.
Jacoby, W. G. (1994). Public attitudes toward government Jacoby, William G. “Public
spending. American Journal of Political Science, 38(2), Attitudes Toward Government
336-361. Spending.” American Journal of
  Political Science 38, no. 2 (1994).
  336-361.

Online Poiger, Uta G. “Rock ‘n’ Roll, Female Poiger, U. G. (1996). Rock ‘n’ roll, female sexuality, and the  
Sexuality, and the Cold War Battle Cold War Battle over German Identities. The Journal of
over German Identities.” The Journal Modern History, 68(3). Retrieved from
of Modern History, vol. 68, no. 3, https://www.websiteaddress.com/complete/url/
2007, p. 78. Modern History Online,
www.modernhistory.org/music-
history/rock-gender.
 NEWSPAPER MLA APA CHICAGO

Printed Bowman, Lee. “Bills Target Lake Erie Bowman, L. (1990, March 7). Bills Bowman, Lee. “Bills Target Lake Erie Mussels.” The Pittsburgh Press,
Mussels.” Sun-Sentinel [Fort target Lake Erie mussels. The March 7, 1990.
Lauderdale], 7 Mar. 1990, p. A4. Pittsburgh Press, p. A4.

Online Mushnick, Phil. “Sterling Continues to
Call it Wrong.” New York Post, 23 Apr.
2012. NewYorkPost.com,
www.nypost.com/sports/yankees-
mushnick.
Bowman, L. (1990, March 7). Bills
target Lake Erie mussels. The
Pittsburgh Press, p. A4. Retrieved
from
http://www.pittsburghpress.com
Kaplan, Karen. “Flu Shots May Reduce Risk of Heart Attacks, Strokes
and Even Death.” Los Angeles Times, October 22, 2013. Accessed
February 11, 2014.
http://articles.latimes.com/2013/oct/22/science/la-sci-sn-flu-shot-
heart-attack-stroke-death-20131022.

MAGAZINE MLA APA CHICAGO

Printed Rothbart, Davy. “How I Caught up with Dad.” Men’s Rothbart, D. (2008, October). How I Rothbart, Davy. “How I Caught Up with Dad.” Men’s Health, October 2008.
Health, Oct. 2008, pp. 108-13. caught up with dad. Men’s Health,
108-113.

Online Rothbart, Davy. “How I Caught up with Dad.” Men’s Rothbart, D. (2008, October). How I Koerner, Brendan I. “Inside the New Arms Race to Control Bandwidth on the
Health, Oct. 2008, caught up with dad. Men’s Health, Battlefield.” Wired, March 4, 2014. Accessed April 17, 2014.
www.menshealth.com/id/3172307568. 108-113. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2014/02/spectrum-warfare/.
http://books.google.com  
 MLA APA CHICAGO
WEBSITE Cain, Kevin. “The Negative Effects Limer, E. (2013, Limer, Eric. “Heck
of Facebook on Communication.” October 1). Heck yes! Yes! The First Free
Social Media Today, 29 June The first free wireless Wireless Plan is
2012, plan is finally here. Finally Here.”
www.socialmediatoday.net/articl Retrieved from Gizmodo. October
es/id/38759274. http://gizmodo.com/h 1, 2013. Accessed
eck-yes-the-first-free- February 18, 2014.
wireless-plan-is-finally- http://gizmodo.co
here m/heck-yes-the-
first-free-wireless-
plan-is-finally-
here-1429566597

DICTIONA “Citation.” Merriam Webster Citation [Def. 2]. (n.d.). Oxford English
RY Online, compiled by Jeffery In Merriam Webster Dictionary. 2nd ed.
Ames, Merriam Webster, 2011, p. Online, Retrieved Oxford: Oxford
65. September 24, 2011, University Press,
How to Cite a Dictionary Online from 1989.
in APA Format http://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionar
y/citation.
 MLA APA CHICAGO
CONFERENCE Balakian, Anna, and Rowling, L. (1993, Hall, Kira, Michael
PROCEEDINGS James J. Wilhelm, September). Schools Meacham, and Richard
editors. Proceedings and grief: How does Shapiro, ed. 1989.
of the Xth Congress Australia compare to Proceedings of the Fifteenth
of the International the United States Annual Meeting of the
Comparative [Paper presentation]. Berkeley Linguistics Society:
Literature In Wandarna coowar: General Session and
Association: New Hidden grief. 8th Parasession on Theoretical
York, NY, 1982. National Conference Issues in Language
Garland, 1985. of the National Reconstruction, February
Association for Loss 18-20, 1989. Berkeley, CA:
and Grief (Australia), Berkeley Linguistics Society.
Yeppoon,
Queensland (pp. 196-
201). National
Association for Loss
and Grief.

DISSERTATION(unpubli Graban, Tarez Considine, M. (1986). McDonald’s Corporation,

shed) Samra. "Towards a Australian insurance "McDonald’s Happy Meal
Feminine Ironic: politics in the 1970s: Toy Safety Facts," Accessed
Understanding Irony Two case studies. July 19, 2008.
in the Oppositional (Unpublished http://www.mcdonalds.com
Discourse of Women doctoral /corp/about/factsheets.htm
from the Early dissertation). .
Modern and University of
Modern Periods." Melbourne,
Diss. Purdue Melbourne,
University, 2006. Australia.
Print.
Note:
In writing the final list of entries using
APA style, references should be used as
title for materials used and cited in the
text
If the resercher used materials other
than those cited in the text, the title of the
list entries should be “Bibliography”
Note:
All entries should be alphabetized according
to the sure name of the author.
First line of the first entry should be flushed
to the left margin, while the second and the
succeeding lines are indented three space from
the left margin.
Two spaces should separate every entry
Note:
Two or more works by the same author appear
in chronological order by the date of publication,
beginning with the earliest.
Two or more works by the same author and
with the same publication date appear in
alphabetical order by title.
The name of the same author is repeated for
every entry.