Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi
• Eukaryotic
• saprophytes – obtain food from
dead organic matter
• parasites – feed on living
organisms
 Fungi STRUCTURE

• Unicellular
Hypha
• ( slender filament of cytoplasm and
• nuclei enclosed by a cell wall)
• mass of hyphae that make up an
• organism mycelium
 Fungi STRUCTURE
􀁻 septa – crosswalls that separate •
cytoplasm and nuclei into cells •
􀁻 coenocytic – describes hyphae that •
are aseptate (no •
septa) multinucleate •
Fungal Structure
 Reproduction in Fungi
• 􀁻 Fungi can reproduce either sexually
• or asexually
• 􀁻 Adult organisms are haploid (N)
• 􀁻 Both sexual and asexual
• reproduction produce spores,
• which become adult organisms
 Asexual Reproduction
• spores –ex
• conidiospore.
• Chlamydospore
• sporangiospore
• budding – mitosis with uneven
• distribution of cytoplasm
• fragmentation – breaking of an
• organism into pieces, which develop
• into new individuals
 Sexual Reproduction
• occurs when hyphae of two
• genetically different individuals of
• the same species encounter each
• other
• gametes (produced by mitosis)
• come together and form diploid
• (2N) zygote
• zygote undergoes meiosis to form
• haploid (N) spores
 Classification
• Fungi are divided into phylum based
• on sexual reproductive structures:
Oomycetes-oospores
• Zygomycetes – zygospore
• Ascomycetes – ascospore
• Basidiomycetes – basidiospore
Oomycetes
Genus:- Albugo.sp •
 Zygomycetes

• sexual reproductive structure –

• zygospore
• most of them are saprophytic
• vegetative hyphae lack
• septa (aseptate)
zygospore
• Genus Rhizopus.sp “Bread Molds”
• hyphae modified into:
• - rhizoids (holdfasts)
• - stolons (connecting
• hyphae)
• - sporangiospore
• (asexual reproductive
• structures)
 Ascomycetes
• “Sac Fungi”
• includes: yeasts, some molds,
• septate hyphae
• asexual reproduction – spores
• (conidiophores)
Genus Aspergillus.sp •
Genus Penicillium.sp
 Basidiomycetes
includes: mushrooms, puffballs,
• shelf fungi
• also, economically important plant
• pathogens: rusts and smuts
• sexual reproduction by basidiospore
Genus:Agaricus.sp