Image transforms

What is image transform?

Image
transform Another
Image (M X N) Image
(M X N)

Coefficients
matrix
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 Introduction-
image transform
• Mathematical tool which Can be applied to an image to convert it

from one domain to another

• Viewing an image in domains such as frequency enables the

identification of features that may not be as easily detected in the

spatial domain

• Efficient representation such as ability to capture significant

information in an smaller description

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 Introduction-
image transform
• Require less amount samples to reproduce the
image
• Used in filtering , image compression, feature
extraction and frequency analysis
• Isolate the critical components of an image, which is
more comfortable for image analysis
• Image transforms may keep the image in compact
form, so that it can be stored and transmitted easily
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 Introduction-
image transform
• Fast computation especially in 2D convolution and
correlation
• Transforms modify the representation signal by
projecting it as a set of basis functions
• Do not change information content of an image, but
it changes the representation only
• Image transform is a reversible operation, so we can
get back the initial stage
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Classification of Image
Transforms

Discrete wavelet
transform 6
Why image transforms?
• Discrete Cosine Transform, used in image and video
compression
• Discrete Fourier Transform, used in filtering and
frequency analysis
• Wavelet Transform, used to perform discrete
wavelet analysis, denoise, and fuse images
• Haar and Hadamard transform is also used in data
encryption, as well as many signal processing and
data compression algorithms 7
 Why image transforms?

• Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) attractive

algebraic transform for image processing applications 
• Hough Transform, used to find lines in an image

• Radon Transform, used to reconstruct images from fan-

beam and parallel-beam projection data

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Fourier transform
behave as prism

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 Why DFT?

• Used to determine the loudness of musical note through

analyzing frequency spectrum
• Used to identify the signal is periodic or not
• Used design the filters for removing image noise
• Used in image sampling to replace the complex
convolution operation
• Analyze the image features in frequency domain to
recognize it
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 Energy Compaction
• Ability to pack the details into fewer coefficients
as possible
• This allow the quantizer to discard the
coefficients with relatively smaller in amplitude
without any distortion in the reproduction of
image
• DCT and DWT has excellent energy compaction
• DCT and DWT are used in compression
standards as JPEG and JPEG 2000 respectively

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 References

1. Digital Image Processing by Rafael C

Gonzalez

2. Digital Image Processing by S Sridhar

3. Digital Image Processing by S Jayaraman

08/24/22
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THANK YOU