Fire Fighting

System
PART 02

BY- Er. Ezazul Haque Siddique

ezazsidd@outlook.co
m
 CONTENTS

AUTOMATIC FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM -

WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM
WATER MIST SYSTEM
FOAM SYSTEM
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
 FIRE
FIRE & FIRE FIGHTING
SPRINKLER
AS PER NFPA 13
 SPRINKLER DESIGN
 Two functions to perform i.e
first detect a fire and then
provide an adequate
distribution of water to control
and extinguish the fire.

 Hence an early detection and

adequate discharge of water at
required pressure over the
affected area are the main
criteria for design of sprinklers.
HOW THE RULES ARE MADE

* DESIGN OF SPRINKLER
* TYPE OF COMBUSTIBLE
MATERIAL
* DESIGN OF BUILDING
WHERE THE SYSTEM IS
INSTALLED
* LAYOUT -- SPRINKLER
INSTALLATION PIPING
ARRAY
* SYSTEM FLOW AND
PRESSURE
REQUIREMENTS
 Sprinklers for general application are manufactured with three different
orifice sizes of 10,15 and 20mm which respectively deliver 57, 80 and 115
LPM of water at 1 bar pressure

Nominal RELEASE TEMPERATURES AND COLOUR CODING

Glass bulbs

Nominal Temperature in °C Liquid Color Code

57 Orange
68 Yellow
79 Red
93 Green
141 Blue
182 Mauve/Purple
227 Black
260 Black
Selected temperature rating shall be at least 30° above highest
ambient temperature at the site of installation.
 Sprinkler
TYPES OF SPRINKLER
GLASS BULB SPRINKLER
Upright Sprinkler • Sidewall Sprinkler
 Pendent
Sprinkler
 Conventional Sprinkler

ESFR- Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler

 Low value of RTI, indicates a fast response.
 Under standard testing procedures ( 135°C air at a velocity of
2.5 m/s), a 68°C sprinkler bulb will break within 7 to 33
seconds, depending on the RTI.
Extended Coverage Sprinkler

Large Drop Sprinkler

Intermediate / In-Rack
sprinkler
In-rack Sprinkler Guard
Classification Of Hazards
AS PER NFPA 13
 Classification of Occupancies

As the water supply, pumping capacity and other

features of the sprinkler installations depends not
only on the size of the risk, but also on its fire
growth and spread potentialities, the risks have
been categorized under the following classes for
the purpose of design of the installation.
Light Hazard …. Hospitals, Hotels, Office Buildings etc.
Ordinary Hazard …. Manufacturing units like Textiles, Paper mills etc.,
Theatres, Departmental Stores etc..
High hazard …. Hazardous units like Paint, Foam Plastics, Celluloid
goods etc.
Storage Hazard …. Classified again under four distinct categories with
varying hazard levels including method of Storage
 NFPA 13, 2002, CHAP V Classification of Occupancies.
Occupancy classifications for this standard shall relate to sprinkler design, installation, and water supply requirements only.

They shall not be intended to be a general classification of occupancy hazards.

5.2 Light Hazard Occupancies.

Light hazard occupancies shall be occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the quantity and/or combustibility of
contents is low and fires with relatively low rates of heat release are expected.

5.3 Ordinary Hazard Occupancies.

5.3.1* Ordinary Hazard (Group 1).

Ordinary hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be occupancies or portions of other occupancies where combustibility is low, quantity of
combustibles is moderate, stockpiles of combustibles do not exceed 8 ft (2.4 m), and fires with moderate rates of heat release are expected.

5.3.2* Ordinary Hazard (Group 2).

Ordinary hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents
is moderate to high, stockpiles do not exceed 12 ft (3.7 m), and fires with moderate to high rates of heat release are expected.
5.4 Extra Hazard Occupancies.

5.4.1* Extra Hazard (Group 1).

Extra hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be occupancies or portions of

other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents is very
high and dust, lint's or other materials are present, introducing the probability
of rapidly developing fires with high rates of heat release but with little or no
combustible or flammable liquids.

5.4.2* Extra Hazard (Group 2).

Extra hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall include occupancies with

moderate to substantial amounts of flammable or combustible liquids or
occupancies where shielding of combustibles is extensive.
 Water Supply for the Sprinkler Installation

LIGHT HAZARD : Not less than 20 minutes run for the pumping
capacity or 35 m3 whichever is greater

ORDINARY HAZARD : Not less than 1 hour run for the aggregate
pumping capacity or 200 m3 whichever is greater.

HIGH HAZARD : Not less than 2 hours run for the aggregate pumping
capacity.

3
Reservoirs of and over 225M capacities shall be in two independent
but interconnected compartments with a common sump to facilitate
cleaning and repairs.
Sprinkler System
Type of Sprinkler Sytem
 Sprinkler systems would be supplied by different systems,
such as:

1. Wet Pipe Sprinkler System.

2. Dry Pipe Sprinkler System.

3. Deluge Sprinkler System.

4.Pre-action Sprinkler System.

5. Anti Freeze System

 Wet Pipe Sprinkler System.
Most Common System
 Pipes always pressurized with water, when sprinkler is actuated by the action
of heat, the water flows directly by the action of fire pumps through the water
sprinklers.
ALARM CHECK
VALVE
 Dry Pipe Sprinkler
System.
 Pipes are filled with compressed air or nitrogen, when sprinkler is
actuated by the action of heat, the water flows by the action of fire pumps
through the water sprinklers.
If a sprinkler opens, the air pressure will drop. When the pressure drops
10psi, the PS40 low air switch will trip sending a supervisory signal to the fire
alarm panel. This is just an indication that there is low air pressure in the system,
possibly
caused by a compressor failure and someone needs to take action before the dry
pipe valve trips. The PS40 is factory set to trip at 30psi which should be 10psi
below
the normal air pressure in the system. And 10psi above the trip point of the dry
pipe valve.NFPA72 requires that the air pressure be monitored to detect a change
of
10psi from normal pressure. When the pressure drops low enough such as from an
open sprinkler, the valve will open. This allows the water supply to fill the piping
and be discharged through the open sprinkler. When the valve opens, it also
exposes the alarm line to the incoming water supply. When the pressure in this line
reaches 6psi, the water flow switch will trip. Dry systems MUST use a pressure
type flow switch. Per NFPA, vane type flow switches are NOT allowed. There is
no need for a retard on dry systems, in fact, retards are not allowed.
DRY PIPE
VALVE
SCHEMETIC OF WET & DRY
SPRINKLER SYSTEM
 Deluge Sprinkler System.

 The actuation of the system takes place by a fire alarm system, The types of
sprinklers are open sprinklers, connected to a deluge valve, once the system is
actuated the valve opens and accordingly water flows through the whole sprinklers
connected to the system. ALSO KNOWN AS TOTAL FLOODING SYSTEM.
Deluge system with Electric
Actuated
Deluge system with Wet Pilot
Actuated
Deluge system with Dry Pilot
Actuated
 Pre-action Sprinkler
System
 The actuation of sprinkler doesn’t take place only by the action of heat, but
also by action of fire alarm system(Smoke\Heat Detector), pipes are pressurized of
air or any appropriate gas.
Single Interlock system
Double Interlock system
 Anti Freeze System

Antifreeze solution dissolved through water, prevents the water inside pipes
from getting freeze at the very cold areas.
 ZONE CONTROL VALVE

 Zone Control Valve is used to control the sprinkler system for each
floor and to separate the floors when a maintenance is needed at any
specific floor.

Components of Z.C.V:
1. OS&Y Gate Valve with Tamper Switch.
2. Pressure Gauge.
3. Flow Switch / Water flow detector
4. Test and Drain Assembly with Sight
Glass.
5. Check valve(optional).
ZONE CONTROL
UNIT FUNCTION

1. Isolating of each zone(floor

or zone of open area) for
maintenance purposes.
2. Check system pressure.
3. Drain the specific zone
connected to it.
4. Actuate an alarm during
fire occurrence.
5. Actuate an alarm if
OS&Y gate valve is closed.
 OS & Y VALVE

 Gate valve is used for

isolating of specific zone
pipes
during maintenance
 TAMPER
SWITCH

 Electrical switch
installed with the OS&Y
gate valve to check the valve
position.(Alarm will actuate
if the valve got closed)
TEST & DRAIN
ASSEMBLY
Test position: to check
whether the flow is accurate or
not.

Drain position: to drain the

network when needed.

Inspection through the sight

glass which make it visible to
check water quality.
 FLOW SWITCH
A water flow detector, also
known as a flow switch, is an
electro-mechanical device
designed to send an alarm to
a monitored panel and/or
fire department when a
continuous flow of water
occurs through a fire
sprinkler system's piping.
This flow signifies an
activated sprinkler head or a
leak in the system.

Flow Switch video

 AUTOMATIC
AIR VENT

USE IN TOP OF THE

STANDPIPE RISER TO
RELEASE AIR IN LINE.
 Storage Occupancies (High hazard)

In case of storage in racks or shelves, if the height of storage is more than what is
specified, intermediate sprinklers shall be provided for each shelf/rack in addition to
the ceiling sprinklers and overall design density and AMAO shall be maintained.
If the top of the storage in the top tiers of the racks or shelves is within 3 M of the roof
sprinklers, top tiers need not be protected by the intermediate sprinklers. However,
the other tiers shall need to be sprinklered.
The aisle width between the storage stacks shall not be less than 2.5 meters and the
maximum area of each storage stack shall not be more than 150 M 2. If these
parameters are exceeded, the design density applicable shall be loaded by 2.5 LPM/ M2
.
CATEGORY MAXIMUM STORAGE DESIGN DENSITY AMAO
HEIGHT IN METRES lpm/m2 m2
I 6.5 12.50 260
II 5.5 15.00 260
III 4.5 17.50 300
IV 3.5 22.50 300
 PRESSURE AND FLOW REQUIREMENTS

At least 2.2 bars plus other losses at the installation valve at a

flow rate of 225 LPM ……….. For Light Hazard Risks.
At least 2 bars plus other losses at the installation valve at a
flow rate of 1800 LPM OR 1.5 bars at a flow rate of 2100 LPM
……….. For Ordinary Hazard Risks.
Other losses :- Pipeline loss from pump room upto the
installation valve plus the static loss due to height of the
highest sprinkler and the installation valve.

Highest sprinkler
Pump room
FIRST FLOOR

Grd. floor
Pipe line valve
 Sprinkler Coverage
Hazard Type of Sprinklers Coverage

Light Sidewall 18.2 m2/196 ft2

Others 20.9m2/225ft2
Ordinary Sidewall 9.3m2/100ft2
Others 12.1m2/130ft2
High General 9.3m2/100ft2

In Storage racks 10 with single row

7.5 with double row
 SPRINKLER SPACING
Light and Ordinary hazards High hazard

Distance between sprinklers on

a range as well as adjacent
Distance between sprinklers on a range as rows shall be between 2M and
well as adjacent rows shall be between 3.6M.
2M and 4.6M.
The distance between the boundary and sprinklers when measured
along the range pipe shall not be more than 0.5 times the spacing
between the sprinklers and when measured perpendicular to the
range pipe shall not be more than 0.5 times the spacing between
the range pipes.
 Location of Sprinklers

Location of Sprinklers with specific relation to the

types of building features as follows:

Roofs and Ceilings … Without Beams or bays

Roofs and Ceilings … With Beams but without bays
Roofs and Ceilings … With Deep Beams and bays
Columns and Girders
Roof Trusses
Concealed spaces …. False ceilings and false floors …
etc.

Specific placements of Sprinklers will be necessary

as against normal spacing requirements in view of
the building layout and obstructions.
SPRINKLER LOCATION WITH RESPECT TO CEILING OR
ROOF

Type of Roof Distance in Millemetres

or ceiling Minimum Maximum Preferred

combustible -
asbestos cement 75 300 150
sheets, wired
glasses etc
combustible with
exposed rafters 75 150 ---
and/or open joists
etc
non-combustible-
either plane or 75 450 150
arched or sloping
 Obstructions
Ducts :- 0.8m in width or 1m in diameter
to be sprinklered below hoods,
storage racks, worktables etc . to be
sprinklered below.
Concealed space :- if the space between
the false ceiling and the main ceiling is
more than 800mm, to be sprinklered.
A clear space of 0.6m shall be radially
available from the bottom of the deflector
of sprinkler.
 Sprinkler Protection for specific hazards
Again, generally followed spacing and design can not be adhered to
certain specific risks as follows:

Film and Television studios

Theatres and Auditorium
Computer and EDP Installations
Plastic roof lights
Cold Storage arrangements
Intermediate level protection in high piled areas … etc..

Additional requirements specific to the type of risk, type of hazard and

layout for the above have been specified.
 Defects observed in design and installation

 Number of Sprinklers less than the actual requirement

(Installation according to theoretical requirements)

 Improper spacing between sprinklers in the same range

or between those in the adjoining range.

 Density requirements for storage areas.

 Installation of sprinklers in areas containing two types

of hazards (Mixture of ordinary and high hazards)
 Defects observed in design and installation
 Designing Sprinkler installation layout.

 Provision to Drain stagnant water from the installation.

 Selection of sprinkler heads according to the type of risk

as well as the building in which the risk is housed.

 Overlooking additional sprinklers below the roof

sprinklers due to obstructions.

 Hydraulic Balancing of the system (Identical behavior of

the pump while catering to favorable and remote
locations)
WATER MIST SYSTEM
AS PER NFPA 750
 What is Water
Mist Fire Fighting
System?

 Water mist system uses

high pressure pumps to
discharge water through nozzles
by a smaller droplet size than
the traditional water sprinkler
system(Droplet size would be
50 - 120um)
 As the droplet water size
is small, it provides fast cooling
of the surface and thereby
rapidly extinguish fire.
 NOZZLE
DISCHARGE

Nozzle working pressure

= 80 Bar -110 Bar
SPRINKLER &
SPRAY HEAD

 Sprinkler head is
normally closed, while
Spray head is normally
open.
COMPARISION BETWEEN WATER SPRINKLER & MIST DROPLET
SIZE
 WATER MIST SYSTEM

BENIFITS DISADVANTAGE
• No 2.5” L.V would be connected
to the system.
 WHERE TO USE WATER
MIST SYSTEM
• Water Mist system is required for firefighting of
high valued places, which may be damaged with
the action of traditional sprinkler system due to the
high amount of water, such as:
•  Museums.
•  Historical Palaces& Galleries.
•  National Library& Archives.
•  Tunnels.
•  ships.
•  Egyptians people's Assembly.
WHERE NOT TO USE
WATER MIST SYSTEM
 FEATURES OF WATER MIST SYSTEM

• High pressure pumps(140 Bar) supplying for about 30

minutes by 3m3 Water Tank:
1. Gas pumping unit(shortage of water/Electricity), consists of
Nitrogen& Water Cylinders(50 liter).
2. Diesel & Electrical Pumping Unit.
• Nozzles are made of stainless steel.
• Pipes are made of stainless steel or copper.
• Valves are made of brass or stainless steel.
• ½” to 1 ½” stainless steel pipes.
DIESEL\ELECTRIC
HIGH PRESSURE
PUMPS
 The pump discharge
pressure is about 140 Bar.
 The shown unit consists of 6
(27KW)motors(12 pump)(SPU -6).
 Each pump discharges about
48 lpm at 140 Bar.(positive
displacement).
 The system is pressurized
with a jockey pump of about 25
Bar, System actuates when
pressure drops to 17 bar in 10
seconds.
 GAS DRIVEN
PUMP
 Used at areas where
power supply isn’t available.

 Nitrogen/air driven, 200

bar cylinders(pneumatic
system - double acting
cylinders).

 Water cylinders of 50
liters.
 MACHINERY
SPACE UNIT
 Used at small enclosed
areas.
 Each cylinder is
connected to 4 nozzles to
supply about 10 minutes.

 Maximum height is 5
meters.
VIDEO
FOAM SYSTEM
NFPA 11 & NFPA 16
FOAM SYSTEM

Foam system is used for fire

suppression by separating
the material& oxygen by
providing a separation foam
layer, preventing its contact
with oxygen, resulting in
suppression of the
combustion.
FOAM SYSTEM OPERATION
•  The foam concentrate is mixed with water in a mixing valve and is discharged
through the foam generators. The nominal working pressure is 6 bar.

•  Foam generators are installed at the highest level in the protected space and at
strategic locations above high risks areas. The water/foam mixture is expanded with air
in the generators.

•  The air used for producing foam is drawn from the protected space, thus, no
ducting and fans for external air is required .

•  The foam produced by the foam generators falls due to gravity to cover the entire
protected space..
 FOAM EXPANSION TYPES
•  Low-expansion foams have an expansion rate less than 20 times.
Used on burning spills

•  Medium-expansion foams have an expansion ratio between 20 and

200.

•  High-expansion foams have an expansion ratio over 200. They are

suitable for enclosed spaces such as hangars, where quick filling is needed.
Used when an enclosed space, such as a basement or hangar, must be Quickly
filled.
 FOAM SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
Foam System consists of:

•1. Storage tank for foam concentrate.

•2. Foam concentrate pump.

•3. mixing valve located in the foam central room.

•4. Foam discharge nozzle.

SCHEMATIC FOAM SYSTEM
 FOAM SYSTEM
CALCULATION EXCEL SHEET
Computed By: Eng. H.S & E.S
Project:
Checked By: Eng. M. Gamal

Date: Approved By: Dr. H. Soliman

Foam Fire Fighting System Calculations

Design parameters

Solution Density 0.16 gpm/ft2

Discharge T ime 10.0 min

Foam Concentration 3%

Sprinklers Spacing 3.0 m

Sprinklers K-Factor 5.6 gpm/psi1/2

Safety Factor 10%

Protected space dimensions

Name of Protected Space LFO

Length 20.0 m

Width 10.0 m

Height 5.0 m

2 2
Area 200.0 m 2152.8 ft

3
Volume 1,000 m

Foam system characteristics

Discharge rate 344 gpm

Solution volume 3,444 gallon

Foam volume 114 gallon

No of Sprinklers per length 7

No of Sprinklers per width 4

T otal No. of Sprinklers 28

FOAM PERCENTAGE
 CALCULATING
PERCENTAGE OF FOAM
DENSITY & DISCHARGE
DURATION
FOAM SYSTEM
FOAM SUPPRESSION SYSTEM FOR
SPECIAL FIRES
 BLADDRE TANK
PROPOTIONING METHOD
HIGH EXPANSION FOAM
DELUGE SYSTEM
 AUTOMATIC GAS
SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
NFPA 12
Gas suppression system is used as INERT GASES, it decreases the percentage of
oxygen in the air and accordingly extinguish the fire by breaking one of the three
FIRE TRIANGLE LINES.

Most common Gas Suppression System:

 Co2 Gas Suppression System.
 FM-200 Gas Suppression System (HFC-227).
 NOVEC Gas Suppression System.
 Dry Chemical Powder.

Rooms or places being protected by Gas Suppression Systems

should be totally closed from outside air(Automatic Closing Doors-Fire
Dampers)
 CO2 SYSTEM

 Co2 system is used where a total flooding gas suppression is

required at a specific space which has no persons inside.

Used for the protection of :

 Electrical Rooms.

 Main Ring Unit.

 Transformer Room Units.

 Generators.
 CO2 SYSTEM
WHY CO2?
• Electrically non-conductive gas.
•Environmentally friendly.
•Natural occurring gas.
•Well specified -NFPA 12.
•Leaves no residue.
•Available refill at low cost.
WHAT IS CO2?
• Carbon Dioxide.
• Colorless and odorless gas.
• Clean agent substitute to Halon
1301.
• Pressurized at 57 bars in high
pressure cylinders at liquid state.
• Density is 50% greater than air.
 CO2 SYSTEM
WHERE TO USE ?
• Unoccupied areas of electronic and
technical rooms.
• Transformer Rooms.
• Battery and UPS Rooms.
• Remote base stations and shelters.
• Archive and storage Rooms.
• Generator room and power House.
• Flammable liquid materials.
• Fuel Room.
HOW DOES CO2 WORK?
• Liquid CO2 forms solid dry ice
(snow) when released into the
atmosphere -cooling and heat
absorption effect.
• CO2 reduces the concentrations of
oxygen in the air to the point where
combustion stops - from 21 to below
15%.
• Consideration must be given to the
fact that if CO2 is inhaled, it may
lead to asphyxia.
 CO2 SYSTEM

OPERATION METHOD
• Fire detectors sense fire conditions in Three methods of application :
the hazard area (smoke,heat,gas,air
sampling...) •Total flooding for enclosed spaces.
• Electrical signal is sent through the •Local application for discharge directly
fire alarm alarm control panel FACP into the fire (surface fire in flammable
to the control head. liquid, gases..).
• Control head releases CO2 from the •Hand hose line for fixed supply of CO2.
cylinders and is delivered through a
fixed piping network to discharge
nozzles in 1 min for surface fires and
less than 7 min for deep-seated fire.
CO2 SCHEMATIC
 CO2 SYSTEM EQUIPMENT

CO2 CYLINDER
CO2 SYSTEM DESIGN
 CO2 SYSTEM
CALCULATION EXCEL SHEET

Co2 Calculation Sheet

1- Total Flooding System

CO2 quantity = Hazard remote volume (V) x Flooding Factor

Where:
Flooding Factor for room volume less than 56.6m3 the flooding factor should be 1.6kg CO2/m3
, and for room volume greater than 56.6m3 the flooding factor should be 1.33kg CO2/m3

(NFPA 12, Table 2-4.2.1 )

Input Data

V= 324 m
3 ←
3
V= 11442 ft
Fl oodi ng Factor= 1.33

Output Data
CO2 Quanti ty 431 kg

The Required Number of Cylinders 10 Based on the recommended cylinder size is 45 kg

VIDEO
FM-200 SYSTEM [HFC 227ea]

 Similar to the Co2 system, but would be used

with occupants existence.
Used for the protection of :
• Control Room.
• Security and Monitoring Room.
• Server Room
 FM 200 DESIGN

• Total Flooding is the only approved application

method for FM-200® systems !
• The room needs to be sealed adequately to maintain
the gas, and prevent re-ignition.
• Doors and windows must be closed before
discharge.
• Cylinders need to be inside, or fairly close to the
protected area.
 FM 200 CALCULATION
SHEET
FM200 Gaseous Fire Fighting System Calculation
Design Location Tx Room
2
Room Area 7.50 m
Room Height 3.50 m
3
Room Volume 26.25 m

0
Minimum anticipated temperature of the protected area 15.5 C

The amount of clean agent required shall be calculated from the formula.
Equation 1. W = V / S [ C /( 100 - C )] C = Clean agent concentration by volume
8.0%
Equation 2. S = K1 + K2 (T) K1 = 0.1269
S= 0.13465 m /kg
3
K2 = 0.0005
} for FM200 only
Calculation Result
Total Weight of clean agent 16.95 kg
No. of Nozzle Required -
FM200 Maximum Discharge Time -
Maximum Discharge Rate of Each Nozzle -
Symbols
W Weight of FM200 [kg]
3
S Specific Volume [m /kg]
C FM200 Concentration [%]
o
T Temperature [ C]
3
V Volume [m ]
K1, K2 Constant Specific to the FM200
 NOVEC CALCULATION
SHEET
Computed By : Eng. H.S
Project:
Chec ked By: Eng. M. Gamal

Date: Approved By: Dr. H. Soliman

NOVEC 1230 Total Flooding System Calculations

Hazard Area No.1
Protected Hazard Dimensions

Name of Protected Hazard Area T el

Height 3.0 m

2 2
Area 100.0 m 1076.4 ft

3
Volume 300 m

Volume of Fixed Structures 3

0.0 m
Impervious to Agent vapor

Design Parameters

Class of Hazard Area A

3
Net Volume of Hazard Area 300.0 m

o
Design T emperature in Hazard Area 20 C

3
Agent Specific Volume @ 1 Atm. pressure 0.072 m /kg

Minimum Design Concentration 4.2 % per volume

Agent Design Concentration 5.4 % per volume

T ee Count of Piping System 6.0

Hazard Area Pressure 1.0 atm

Design Safety Factor 0.02

System Sizing ّ

Agent Net Capacity 243.0 kg 535.7 Ibs

Agent Net Capacity Percentage 67 % Accepted

T otal Agent Flow Rate 24.3 kg/sec 53.6 Ibs/sec

Required No. of discharge Nozzels 3

Acual Flow per Nozzel 8.1 kg/sec 17.9 Ibs/sec

Nozzel and Branch Pipe Diameters 1 1/2 inch

Main Pipe Diameter 2 1/2 inch 3

Hazard Area No.2

Protected Hazard Dimensions

Name of Protected Hazard Area elect

FM 200 VIDEO
 FE-13 CLEAN AGENT
SYSTEMS
• FE-13 (HFC-23 NFPA 2001 designation) is an efficient clean agent
fire suppressant utilized in various environments that require fire
protection while minimizing the risk of collateral damage from
fires.
• At 25 feet, FE-13 has a greater ceiling height limit than FM-200,
allowing it to be used in a wider range of applications.
• FE-13 is also a great inerting agent for occupied environments. It is
able to be used in occupied spaces since it is effective well below
any adverse concentrations and will not displace as much oxygen
as other clean agents. FE-13 has no cleanup, which eliminates
costly downtime.
Applications: FE-13 is used mainly on Class A, B, and C fires and is excellent for protecting high-
value assets with no harmful decomposition products, cleanup or electrical conductivity. FE-13 is an
effective Halon 1301 replacement for high ceiling or cold environment applications. Some typical
applications include industrial high ceiling spaces, locomotives, unheated storage areas, and oil
platforms. It should be noted that FE-13 is reactive with some metals.

Operation: Upon discharge, the FE-13 is discharged as a gas through the nozzles to a predetermined
concentration, usually 18%-20% within 10 seconds. The FE-13 extinguishes the fire through a cooling
effect at the molecular level. (The agent cools the combustion process, thereby, extinguishing the fire.)
The system can be activated by smoke, infrared, or ultraviolet detectors, and manual pull stations.

Technical Specifications:
Manufactured by Dupont
Active Agent: HFC-23
Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP): Zero
Acceptable under the EPA Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP)
Limitations: Enclosure Integrity
Approximate Agent Needed: Amount of FE-13 agent = (0.0438)(Volume of protected space in Cubic
Feet (FT3))
The conversion factor is dependent upon several variables such as: elevation, products protected,
temperature, and concentration required.
 NAF SIII CLEAN AGENT
SYSTEM
• NAF S III®
• Identified as “HCFC Blend A” by US EPA and in the international standards on clean agent extinguishing
systems, NAF S III® shows physical characteristics similar to those of Halon 1301. By weight NAF S III
is the most effective halocarbon extinguishing agent.

• For most common fires it requires 10% more agent by weight compared to Halon 1301. In most cases it is
possible to replace NAF S III into existing Halon 1301 systems without the need to modify the existing
pipe-work. The overall environmental impact (ODP, GWP and Atmospheric Lifetime) is extremely low.

• With a boiling point of – 38.3 °C, NAF S III is easily distributed inside the protected environment, even in
low temperature conditions. Toxicity allows its safe use in normally occupied areas in most common
applications. In addition the presence of a patented additive, which reduces the decomposition by-
products, makes it safer for humans and goods.
1.NAF S-III is a clean, non-conductive media used for the protection of a variety of
potential fire hazards, including electrical and electronic equipment. NAF S-III is a clean
gaseous agent at atmospheric pressure and does not leave a residue. It is colorless and non-
corrosive.

NAF S-III acts as a fire-extinguishing agent by breaking the free radical chain reaction that
occurs in the flame during combustion and pyrolysis. Like Halon 1301, NAF S-III has a
better efficiency with flaming liquids than with deep-seated Class A fires.

NAF S-III fire extinguishing systems have the capability to rapidly suppress surface-
burning fires within enclosures. The extinguishing agent is a specially developed chemical
that is a gas at atmospheric pressure and is effective in an enclosed risk area. NAF S-III
extinguishes most normal fires at the design concentration by volume of 8.60% at 20° C.

NAF S-III is stored in high-pressure containers and super-pressurized by dry nitrogen to

provide additional energy to ensure rapid discharge. At the normal operating pressure of
360 psi (24.8 bar) or 600 psi (42 bar), NAF is in liquid form in the container.

Once the system is activated, the container valves are opened and the nitrogen propels the
liquid under pressure through the pipe work to the nozzles, where it vaporizes. The high
rate of the discharge through the nozzles ensures a homogeneous mixture with the air.
Sufficient quantities of NAF S-III should be discharged to meet the concentration required
and the pressure at each nozzle must be located to achieve uniform mixing.
PDF FILE FOR FM 200,
NOVEC & CO2
DRY CHEMICAL POWDER
 FEATURES OF DRY
CHEMICAL POWDER
USE & LIMITATION OF DCP
WET CHEMICAL POWDER
FIRE TERRACE
CO2 SYSTEM

Designed for the protection

of inaccessible areas such
as,
control panels, vehicles,
boats engines.
 Thanks to all !!

For the opportunity extended to

deliberate in this seminar

Er.Ezazul Haque Siddique