GROUP FOUR

HEARING
IMPAIRMENTS
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Question
Write short notes on Hearing impairments
including;
1) Definition
2) Measurements
3) Causes
4) Forms/types
5) Characteristics
6) Education implications

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 Hearing impairments
1) Definition.
Hearing ,refers to the reception of sound by the ear
and its analysis and its transformation into the brain.
Impairment ,is any loss or abnormality of psychological
,physiological or anatomical structure or function
• Therefore, hearing impairments, is the deficiency in
hearing sensitivity that can affect the effective
functioning of the total personality no matter the
period of on set .

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 2)Measurements
Hearing loss threshold are categorized
Measurements into, the following.
Hearing impairment is measured in Mild hearing loss,(40 dBHL)
decibels(dB) Patients find it difficult to hear soft sounds
• Hearing loss is measured as and undertones in noisy backgrounds.
loudness versus pitch of sound. Moderate hearing loss(55dBHL)
• Hearing loss is measured using Difficult to follow speech with background
earphones( which measure noises
conduction).
Severe hearing loss(90dBHL)
Extremely difficult to follow conversations
Profound hearing loss(above 90dBHL)
Hearing gets inpossible without hearing
aids.
•
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3)Causes of hearing impairments

Loud noise
•
• Medication and pain relievers ;e.g., ototoxic drugs
especially when used regularly
•
• Diabetes
•
• Listening to music with ear buds with higher volumes
•
• Aging
•
• Hardened wax
•
• External objects blocking the external auditory canal
• Brain tumors
•
• Ruptured eardrum.
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 Causes cont
• Inflammation of the middle ear (ottitismedia)
•
• Infections of the middle ear such as sinuses,
adenoids and tonsils
•
• Heredity e.g. (Otosclerosis)
•
• Drug poisons, e.g. quinine
•
• Birth injuries, e.g. prolonged labor, difficult in birth.
•
• Development anomalies
•
• Lack of right vitamins
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 4)Forms/types of hearing impairments.
Conductive hearing impairments
Occurs as a results of obstruction to
the passage of sound wave through
the external canal or by way of the
acicular chain through the middle ear.
Sensori-nueral hearing impairment
This is associated with the inner ear
because it is damage to or
degeneration of the sensory structure
of the inner ear that causes it.
Those who suffer from this hearing
loss are unable to hear most
frequencies in human voice in most
cases.
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Central hearing impairments.
If there is interference through
with the pathway through which
nerve fibers proceed from the
brain stem to the temporal lobes,
of the cerebral cortex it result into
central hearing loss.
Mixed hearing impairment
It's the combination of
conductive and sensori-neural
hearing loss.an individual has
outer or middle or inner ear
problems combined.
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 5)Characteristics
• Articulation of certain speech sounds correctly.
• Often eludes the child .
• The child finds it difficult to write down dictations
• The individual fails to respond to or confuses
verbal directions.
• Complains of a buzzing or ringing sounds in the
ear.
• Fails to respond when called from a distance

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 Characteristics cont
• Speaks in an abnormal way low, high, or loud voice.
• The child responds only when he or she sees the speaker's face or gesture.
• The child bends forward so as to hear what is being said .
• Asks for repetitions of sentences or words often

• Gives wrong answers to simple questions.

•
• The individual rubs the ear frequently or turns to one direction as if trying to locate
sound
•
• The child often screams to express pleasure ,annoyance or need.
•
• The child is withdrawn and does not always associate with classmates or
neighbors.

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 6)Educational implications
• Learning by deaf children is visually oriented, what they can see is A
v
important to them and not what they are supposed to hear ,so teacher s
m
should therefore make use of the blackboard, pictures ,diagrams, and
visual teaching aids. •
• Mainstreaming of the hearing impaired can be done and sign
language interpreters in the classroom as well as supplementary
resources assistance can be provided.
• Counseling should be emphasized in all educational institutions to •

reduce stress from social pressures exerted to such students.

• Teachers should be enlightened on such cases so that they give
special education and classroom support to such students. •
• Educational institutions should work together with the parents to
identify such students with special needs.

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 6)Educational implications
• A teacher should present a variety of ways to present single
idea or concept by using more than one sense modality.
• Some services like regular speech language and auditory
training from specialists should be employed in educational
institutions.
• Amplification systems and services like interpreters and
auditory training from specialists should be employed in
educational institutions.
• Favorable sitting in class to facilitate speech reading can also
be put in considerations by teachers.

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 THANKS FOR
LISTTENING
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