TOPIC IS KEELER

GOODMAN FORMING LINE DIAGRAM

Department of Mechanical
Engineering Name:- CH Sree Sai
Tej Roll
NO:-17955A0340
 INTRODUCTION
*The  forming limit curve were originally
proposed by Goodwin (1968) and Keeler
(1961), respectively, through mechanical tests
*A forming limit diagram, also known as
a forming limit curve, is used in sheet metal
 forming for predicting forming behaviour of
sheet metal. diagram attempts to provide a
graphical description of material failure tests,
such as a punched dome test.
*In order to determine whether a given region
has failed, a mechanical test is performed. The
mechanical test is performed by placing a
circular mark on the work piece prior to
deformation, and then measuring the post-
deformation ellipse that is generated from the
action on this circle. By repeating the
mechanical test to generate a range of stress
states, the formability limit diagram can be
FORMING LINE:-
* The Keeler–Goodwin diagram, also known
as the forming line diagram (FLD), was
originally derived as an experimental, semi
quantitative tool to aid designers in evaluating
the risks of local fracture and necking in sheet
forming It is now used frequently in failure
diagnosis of sheet forming processes and has
been implemented in most sheet forming
simulation software
* FLD is
divided into different zones by several curves.
The vertical and horizontal axes correspond to
the major and minor strains, respectively. At
any instant during a forming process, the
strain at each location on the sheet is
represented as a point in the forming limit
diagram. The formability of the sheet can be
evaluated by comparing the positions of these
points to the curves.
 KEELER GOODWIL FORMING LINE DIAGRAM
FLD is divided into different zones by several curves.
The vertical and horizontal axes correspond to the
major and minor strains, respectively. At any instant
during a forming process, the strain at each location on
the sheet is represented as a point in the forming limit
diagram. The formability of the sheet can be evaluated
by comparing the positions of these points to the
curves. The solid curve which is called the forming
limit curve (FLC), separates the safe and failure zones.
A strain state above the FLC implies local necking or
fracture. The left- and right-hand sides of the FLC
were originally proposed by Goodwin
(1968) and Keeler (1961), respectively, through
mechanical tests. In practice, there is some scatter in
the measured necking strains, and instead of a single
curve, there is a band within which necking is likely to
occur . The intersection of the forming limit curve
with the vertical axis is noted as FLD, which depends
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