 India is a country in South Asia.

It is the
Seventh-Largest country by area and second-
largest by population and most populous
democracy in the world.
 India got its independence on August 15th,
1947. It was the day when the Indians got
liberated from the rule of the British.
 The National Flag is the horizontal tricolor of
deep saffron (kesaria) at the top, white in the
middle, and dark green at the bottom in equal
proportion. At the center of the white band is a
navy blue wheel, which is a representation of
the Ashoka Chakra at Sarnath.
 The National Emblem of India is derived from
the time of the Emperor Ashoka. The emblem
is a replica of the Lion of Sarnath, near
Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. The Lion Capital
was erected in the third century BC by
Emperor Ashoka to mark the spot where
Buddha first proclaimed his gospel of peace
and emancipation to the four quarters of the
universe.
 Gana Mana is the national Anthem of India,
composed by Rabindranath Tagore. It was
officially adopted by the constituent Aseembly
as the Indian national anthem on January 24,
1950.
 Bankim Chandra Chatterji's composed song
"Vande Mataram" was adopted as the National
Song. It has an equal status with "Jana Gana
Mana". It was first sung in the 1896 session of
the Indian National Congress.
 Tiger is the National Animal of India. It is
symbol of India's wildlife wealth. The
magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris, is a striped
animal.
 The Peacock, Pavo cristatus, is the national bird
of India. Emblematic of qualities such as
beauty grace, pride.
 Mango is the national fruit of India. Described
as the "Food of the Gods", in the sacred Vedas,
the fruit is grown almost in all parts of India.
 Lotus botanically known as the Nelumbo
Nucifera is the national flower of India.
 Banyan Tree is the National Tree of India. This
huge tree towers over its neighbours and has
the widest reaching roots of all known trees.
 The Saka calender is the national calender of
India. It is used, alongside the Gregorian
calender.
 26th January (Republic Day)
 15th August (Independence Day)
 2nd October (Gandhi Jayanti; Mahatma
Gandhi’s Birthday)
Country Name Republic of India; Bharat Ganrajya

Government Type Sovereign Socialist Democratic

Republic with a Parliamentary system
of Government

Capital New Delhi

Area 32,87,263 sq.km

Area wise in the world 7th

Official Language Hindi, English

Location India extends between latitudes 8o4'N and

37o6'N. It is a country of the east with its
landmass lying beteen longitudes 68o7'E
and 97o25'E

Administrative Division 28 States and 7 Union Territories

Constitution The Constitution of India came into
force on 26th January 1950

Legislature Sansad

Legal Legislature System The Constitution of India is the

fountain source of the legal system in
the Country

Executive Branch The President of India is the Head of

the State, while Prime Minister is the
Head of the Government, and runs
office with the support of Council of
Ministers who form the Cabinet
Ministry

Legislative Branch The Indian Legislature comprises of

the Lok Sabha (House of the people)
and the Rajya Sabha (Council of
States) forming both the Houses of the
Parliament.
Judicial Branch The Supreme Court of India is the
apex body of the Indian legal system,
followed by other High Courts and
subordinate Courts.
Father Of The Nation Mahatma Gandhi

President Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh

Stretch 3,214 Kilometers from north to south

2,933 Kilometers from east to west

Land Frontier Land Frontier

Coastline 7516.5 km
Population (2011 census) 1,210,193,422 (1.21 billion)

Populationwise place in the world 2nd

Population density 324 person per square kilometer

Population growth 21.34 %

Sex Ratio 940 females per 1,000 males

Literacy 74.04 %

Male Literacy 82.14%

Female Literacy 65.46 %

States Capital
Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad
Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar
Assam Guwhati
Bihar Patna
Chhattisgarh Raipur
Goa Panaji
Gujarat Gandhinagar
Haryana Chandigarh
Himachal Pradesh Shimla
Summer Capital: Jammu
Jammu and Kashmir
Winter Capital: Srinagar
Jharkhand Ranchi
Karnataka Bangalore
Kerala Thiruvananthapuram
Madhya Pradesh Bhopal
Maharashtra Mumbai

Manipur Imphal

Meghalaya Shillong

Mizoram Aizwal

Nagaland Kohima

Orissa Bhubaneswar

Punjab Chandigarh

Rajasthan Jaipur

Sikkim Gangtok

Tamil Nadu Chennai

Tripura Agartala

Uttaranchal Dehradun

Uttar Pradesh Lucknow

West Bengal Kolkatta

Union Territory Capital

Andaman & Nicobar Port Blair

Chandigarh Chandigarh

Dadra and Nagar Haveli Silvassa

Daman and Diu Daman

Delhi Delhi

Lakshadweep Kavaratti

Pondicherry Pondicherry
Territorial Sea 12 nm (nautical miles)
Contiguous Zone 24 nm
Exclusive economic Zone 200 nm
Continental Shelf 200 nm or to the edge of the
continental margin
Longest River Ganga
Largest Lake Lake Chilka
Highest Point Mt. K2 (8611 m)
Highest Point of Himalaya Kanchan Junga (8,598 m)
Lowest Point Kuttanad (-2.2 m)

Northernmost Point Siachen Glacier near Karakoram

Southernmost Point Indira Point, Great Nicobar, Andaman
& Nicobar Islands

Southernmost Point of India Cape Comorin (Kanya Kumari

(Mainland)

Westernmost Point West of Ghuar Mota, Gujarat

Easternmost Point Kibithu, Arunachal Pradesh

Highest Altitude Kanchenjunga, Sikkim

Lowest Altitude Kuttanad (Kerala)

 The whole of India has a tropical monsoonal
climate, since the greater part of the country
lies within the trophies, and the climate is
influenced by the monsoons.
 The position of the mountain ranges and
direction of the rain-bearing winds are the two
main factors that determine the climate of
India
 Alternating seasons is the chief characteristic
of India's Climate.
Seasons Calender

Vasanta March-April

Grishma May-June

Varsha July-August

Sharada September-October

Hemanta November-December

Shishira January-February
 Indian Economy is Twelfth largest in the world and fourth
largest by purchasing power parity.
 In the 21st century, India is an emerging economic power having
vast human and natural resources.
 India's economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern
agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a
multitude of support services.
 About a quarter of the population is too poor to be able to afford
an adequate diet.
 India's international payments position remained strong in
adequate foreign exchange reserves, and moderately depreciating
nominal exchange rates.
 India has large numbers of well-educated people skilled in
English language; India is a major exporter of software services
and software workers. 
 India is mainly an agricultural country, though it also has a large
iron and steel industry and produces every type of manufactured
goods.
 In the last few years India has gotten more and more involved in
information technology and every year over 100,000 software
professionals leave India to work in other countries, mainly the
United States.
 India produces the world's highest number of films annually. The
most recognisable face is that of Bollywood, based in Mumbai,
which produces mainly commercial Hindi films.
 Education is highly regarded by members of every socio-
economic strata.
 India is also known for it's beautiful jewelry and fashion
 A well known and co-ordinated system of transport plays an important
role in the sustained economic growth of a country.
 The present transport system of India comprises several modes of
transport including rail, road, coastal shipping, air transport, etc.
 Transportation in India has recorded a substantial growth over the years
both in spread of network and in output of the system.
 The Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways is responsbile
for the formation and implementation of policies and programmes for the
development of various modes of transport save the railways and the
civil aviation.
 The Indian Railways has been a great integrating force during the last
more than 150 years.
 It has bound the economic life of the country and helped in accelerating
the development of industry and agriculture.
 From a very modest beginning in 1853, when the first train steamed off
from Mumbai to Thane.
 About 28 percent of the route kilometer, 39 per cent of running track
kilometer and 41 per cent of total track kilometer is electrified.
 First Electric Train ran on 3rd Feb' 1925 (between Bombay VT and
Kurla)
 India has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating to
about 33 lakh kilometers at present.
 Though the National Highways, which is the responsibility of Central
Government, has length of roads, carries over 40 percent of the total
traffic across the length and breadth of the country.
 The National Highways have been classified depending upon the
carriageway width of the Highway. Generally, a lane has a width of 3.75
m in case of single lane and 3.5 per lane in case of multilane National
Highways.
 Shipping plays an important role in the transport sector of
India's economy. Approximately, 90 per cent of the country's
trade by volume (70 per cent in terms of value) is moved by
sea.
 Since Independence, India has made rapid growth in aids to
Marine Navigation.
 To cater the needs of light stations in the islands and for
maintaining the buoys, the Directorate General of
Lighthouses and Lightships is maintaining three launches,
one mechanized broad and two large ocean going vessels,
M.V. Sagardeep-II ad M.V. Pardeep.
 India has about 14,500 km of navigable waterways which
comprise rivers, canals, backwaters, creeks, etc.
 About 50 million tonnes of cargo corresponding to 2,82
billion tonne km was transported in 2005-2006 by Inland
Water Transport (IWT).
 Its operations are currently restricted to a few stretches in
the Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly Rivers, the Brahmaputra, the
Barak River, the rivers in Goa, the backwaters in Kerala,
inland waters in Mumbai and the deltaic regions of the
Godavari-Krishna rivers.
 The coastline of India is dotted with 12 Major Ports and
about 200 Non-major Ports. The Major Ports are under
the purview of the central while the Non-major Ports
come under the jurisdiction of the respective State
Governments.
 The 12 Major Ports (including the Port of Ennore
which is a corporate port set up under the Indian
Companies Act, 1956) are evenly spread out on the
Eastern and Western coast. The ports of Kolkata,
Paradip, Viskhapatnam, Chennai, New Mangalore,
Mormugao, Mumbai, Jawaharlal Nehru at Jhavasheva
and Kandla are on the Western Coast.
 The Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for the formulation of
national policies and programmes for development and regulation of
civil aviation and for devising and implementing schemes for orderly
growth and expansion of civil air transport.
 Its functions also extend to overseeing the provision for airport facilities,
air traffic services, carriage of passengers and goods by air, safeguarding
civil aviations operations, regulations of air transport services, licensing
of aerodromes, air carriers, pilots and aircrafts maintenance engineers.
 The ministry also administratively controls the institution of
Commission of Railway Safety, which is responsible for the safety in rail
travel and operations in terms of provisions of the Railways Act.
 Agra’s Taj Mahal is one of the most famous buildings in the world, the
mausoleum of Shah Jahan’s favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
 It is one of the New Seven Wonders of the world, and one of three
World Heritage Sites in Agra.
 Completed in 1653, the Taj Mahal was built by the Mughal king Shah
Jahan as the final resting place for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
 Finished in marble, it is perhaps India’s most fascinating and beautiful
monument.
 This perfectly symmetrical monument took 22 years (1630-1652) of hard
labour and 20,000 workers, masons and jewelers to build and is set
amidst landscaped gardens.
 Jaipur is also popularly known as the Pink City, is the capital of
the Indian state of Rajasthan. Jaipur is a very famous tourist and
education destination in India.
 Lots of people flock to Jaipur to view the various forts and
monuments in Jaipur which reflect its glorious past.
 Tourism is a significant part of Jaipur’s economy.
 Hawa Mahal, Amber Fort,Jaigarh Fort ,Nahargarh Fort,
CityPalace,Jantar Mantar,Jal Mahal, Rambagh Palace, Chandra
Mahal, The City Palace, Jaipur , Diwan-e-Aam, City Palace,
 Central Museum, (Albert Hall Museum) are theForts and
Monuments
 Goa is Famous for its pristine beaches, infact 90% of all the
tourism in Goa happens only for its beautiful beaches in Coastal
Areas.
 Goa has two main tourist seasons: winter and summer.
 In the winter time, tourists from abroad (mainly Europe) come to
Goa to enjoy the splendid climate.
 In the summertime (which, in Goa, is the rainy season), tourists
from across India come to spend the holidays.
 There were more than three million tourists reported to have
visited Goa, more than half million of whom were from Foreign
visitors.
 Infact, many foreigners have made Goa as there home for its laid-
back and relaxed lifestyle !
 The State of Jammu & Kashmir has main three
geographical regions known as “The Lesser
Himalayas” or the “Jhelum Valley” (Kashmir), “The
Inner Himalayas” or “The Indus Valley” (Ladakh and
Frontier areas) also called “Trans-Himalayas”, and
“The Outer-Himalayas” or “The Southern mountain
range” (Jammu).
 The area of Jammu & Kashmir is 2, 22,236 square
kilometers.
 Though there are several places of tourist-interest in
the town and district, Kanyakumari is especially
popular in India for its spectacular and unique sunrise
and sunset.
 The confluence of three ocean bodies – the Bay of
Bengal, the Indian Ocean, and the Arabian Sea – makes
the sunrise and sunset even more special.
 On balmy, full-moon evenings, one can also see the
moon-rise and sunset at the same time – on either side
of the horizon.
 Kerala, situated on the lush and tropical Malabar Coast, is
one of the most popular tourist destinations in India.
Named as one of the "ten paradises of the world" and "50
places of a lifetime" by the National Geographic Traveler
magazine, Kerala is especially known for its ecotourism
initiatives, Beautiful Backwaters and Alternative healing
massages.
 Delhi, Capital of India has many attractions like mosques, forts
and other monuments that represent India’s history.
 The important places in Old Delhi include the majestic Red Fort.
 New Delhi on the other hand houses many government buildings
and embassies, apart from places of historical interest.
 Lutyens' Delhi are India Gate and Rajpath, Sansad Bhavan,
Rashtrapati Bhawan, Connaught Place, Humayun's Tomb, Purana
Quila, Red Fort, Chandni Chowk,Salimgarh Fort, Qutub Minar,
Tughlaqabad etc.
 Ajantha & Ellora are 28 – 30 rock-cut cave monuments created
during the first century BC and 5th century AD, containing
paintings and sculptures considered to be masterpieces of both
Buddhist religious art and universal pictorial art.
 The caves are located just outside the village of Ajantha / Ellora in
Aurangabad district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.
 Since 1983, the Ajanta & Ellora Caves have been a UNESCO
World Heritage Site.
 Darjeeling in India owes’ its grandeur to its natural beauty, its
clean fresh mountain air and above all, the smiling resilient
people for whom it is a home.
 Known for its natural splendor, Darjeeling’s best gift to its’
visitors is the dawn of a new day.
 The mountains awaken first with a tentative peeking of the sun.
 A steep ride, five kilometers from Ghoom, or an invigorating walk
up a steep incline, leads sun worshippers to Tiger Hill.
 The air is chilly with darkness and damp.
 To the east, a dull orange sun emerged painting the sky with
brilliant strokes of magenta, gold, orange and fuchsia.
 The snow capped Everest, Kabru, Kanchenjunga, Jannu and other
peaks slowly emerge from slumber to start a new day.
 The sun worshippers gasp at the magnificent sight.
 Mysore is a tourism hot spot within the state of Karnataka and
also acts as a base for other tourist places in the vicinity of the city.
 The city receives the maximum number of tourists during the
period of the Dasara festival when festivities take place for a
period of 10 days.
 One of the most visited monuments in India, the Ambavilas
Palace (also known as Mysore Palace) is the center of the Dasara
festivities.
 Indian Fairs and
Festivals
Festivals in India are determined by Solar and Lunar positions and they may fall in the
different month
January Maker Sankranti
Lohri
Pongal
Thai Pusam
Flot Festivals
National Kite Festival
Kerela Village Fair
Bikaner Festival
Pattadakal Dance Festival
Id-ud-Fitr
Vasant Panchami
February Mahashivratri
Goa Carnival
Desert Festival
Nagaur Fair
International Yoga Week
Elephant Festival
Deccan Festival
Taj Mahotsav
Surajkund Crafts Mela
Chapchar Kut
Islands Tourism Festivals
March Holi
Ganaur
Jamshed-e-Navroz
Ramnavami
Id-ul-Zuha
Mahavir Jayanti
Khajuraho Dance Festival
Elephant Festival
Hoysla Mahotsava
Ellora Festival

April Good Friday

Easter
Baisakhi
Gudi Padva or Ugadi
Pooram
Muharram
Buddha Purnima
Mewar
May Urs Festival

June Ganga Dussehra

Hemis Festival

July Rathyatra
Guru Purnima

August Janmashtami
Onam
Nag Panchami
Rakshabandhan
Ganesh Chaturthi

September Tarnetar Mela

October Navratri
Durga Puja.
Dussehra
Marwar Festival

November Sharad Purnima

Diwali
Guru Purab
Ka Pomblang Nongrem
Sonepur Fair
Pushkar Fair
Hampi Festival

December hristma
Konark Dance Festival