Solar Road with EV Charging Station and Street Light

BE Final Year Civil Engineering

Project guide Prof. Siraj Ansari
ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-22

Dilkap Research institute of Engineering and

Management studies
Project Team

1. Mr. Shubham Ajit Shirke

2. Mr. Sandesh Deshmukh

3. Mr. Budhabhushan Pawar

4. Mr. Ansari Rumman

 Contents
Introduction

 Objective

 Application

 Working Principle of Solar Road

 Road Surface Layer

Electronics Layer

Base Plate Layer

Materials Selection

Panel Housing

Panel Weatherproofing

Calculations

Results

 Conclusions

 References
 Introduction
 Solar Road is a new generation road or says smart roads. These roads
are made for generating green energy without using extra land for
solar plant.

 Solar road is construct in 3 layers top most layer is transparent

second one is electronic layer which consist solar cells and last layer
is base layer it is also made by material which resist moisture and
ground water to protect electronic layer.

 The first attempt at a solar road was in the small village of

Tourouvre au Perche in Normandy in 2014. The French project,
named “World’s first solar road” by ARS Technica.
 There is firm in US Sandpoint Idaho name as Solar Roadways® which
are continuously working on solar road for good results from
solar road.

 Recently China built a 1km solar highway that's capable of sending

1GWh every year to the grid enough to power 800 homes
Solar Road
 Objective
 The main purpose of solar roadways is to produce clean renewable
energy on roadways and any other surface that can be walked or driven
upon.

 To generate renewable energy using solar road panels and replaces the
current need for fossil fuels and to replace all petroleum-based asphalt
roads, parking lots and driveways with Solar Road Panels that collect
energy to be used by our homes and industry.
 Application
 Provide Electricity

 Generate Green Energy

 The Roads are fitted with Other High-tech Features

 Help Neighboring Communities

The Roads are fitted with Other High-tech Features
• Methodology
Planning
 Working Principle of Solar Road
 The working principle of solar road panels is no different from that of
conventional modules.
 The Solar Roadways consists of structurally engineered solar panels
that we drive on. Each Solar Road Panel (roughly 1m by 1m) interlinks
with neighbouring panels to form the Solar Roadways system.
 The solar panels are divided into three basic layers
 Road Surface Layer.

 Electronics Layer.

 Base Plate Layer.

Working Principle of Solar Road
 Road Surface Layer
 As this is the top most layers of the assembly & also from
this layer the solar rays will reach up-to the photovoltaic
cells; they should be translucent and high-strength.
 This is made in such a fashion that it is rough enough to
provide great traction to avoid the skidding of vehicles.
 As the material is made rough but the material used is
translucent, it still passes sunlight through it to the solar
collector photovoltaic cells embedded within it.
 Tempered glass was chosen for its hardness, strength,
durability, and transmittance.
 Electronics Layer
 Electronic layer contains electronic materials like solar cell,
microprocessors, LEDs, heating element, etc.
 We have only included solar cell in our project model.
 Electronics Layer Contains a microprocessor board with
support circuitry for sensing loads on the surface and
controlling a heating element.
 The LEDs can also be programmed to move along with cars
at the speed limit and it gives warning to the drivers instantly
when they are driving too fast or the speed of the car
increases beyond the speed limit.
 Base Plate Layer
 While the electronics layer collects energy from the sun, it is
the base plate layer that distributes power (collected from the
electronics layer) and data signals (phone, TV, internet, etc.)
"down-line" to all homes and businesses connected to the
Solar Roadway.
 Also tempered glass is used as base plate it gives strength
and also protection from ground water or moisture.
 Materials Selection
 Tempered Glass

 Mechanical Properties
Density 2500 kg/m3
Compression resistance 800 - 1000 MPa
Modulus of elasticity 70 000 MPa
Bending strength 45 MPa

 Because of these high mechanical properties tempered glass

chosen
Tempered Glass
 Solar Cell

 There are a vast array of technologies to choose from for this

application including mono crystalline, polycrystalline silicon cells
and next generation solar cell (perovskite solar cell).
 Since this project is more focused on the structural design of the
panel the mono crystalline silicon cells with the efficiency of 21%
were chosen as they provide the highest maximum power output of
3.9 watt/hr commonly available solar cells today.
Solar cell
 Panel Housing

 To accomplish this, the most logical option is to customize a stock

aluminium channel to fit around the layers and use coated bolts
and nuts to hold the housing to the structure.
 The housing of the panel is constructed out of aluminium C-
channel various weather-stripping and edge sealing components.
Frame Member
 Panel Weatherproofing

• The design of the housing, and how the other layers are integrated
with it, is limited by the design of the weatherproofing system for
the panel.
• In an optimal solar module this would be done using an epoxy;
however, this is not possible due to the maintenance requirements
on a solar road panel.
• To accommodate this then, various edge sealing and rubber
interfaces need to be used to stop water transport into the panel
 Calculations
In this project we design a solar road as a rigid pavement by
using help of Indian Road Congress (IRC 58). We take 5.08 cm
trial thickness but we use tempered glass as a rigid material. For
calculations we take all coefficients of glass from research
papers and reference books. We show in project power
generation calculations. How many cells are embedded in one
square meter and how many amounts of power generate from
one square meter for a whole day
 The key parameter in designing the transparent layer is
determining the thickness of glass required on the
surface. In our project road is design as a rigid pavement
of glass with a thickness of 2” (5.08cm) 1” for top layer
and 1” for bottom layer of cell. Length and width of
panel is taken 1m X 1m and wheel load 5100 kg for
pavement design calculations.
 Trial thickness is h = 5.08 cm.

 Radius of wheel load distribution

a = under root (wheel load/pie x tire pressure)

= 15.01 cm

Where, Tire pressure is 7.2 kg/cm square

Wheel load is P = 5100 kg

 Radius of equivalent distribution of pressure

b = a = 15.01 cm

 Modulus of subgrade reaction is assume k = 5.5 kg/cm square

 Radius of relative stiffness

l = (E.h^3 /12k (1- u^2)) ^1/4

l = 35.10cm

Where, E is modulus of elasticity =734.195x10^3 kg/cm square

u = coefficient of friction = 0.2

 Stresses at corner

• Due to wheel load = 3xP/h^2 x (1-(a.under root 2/l)^0.6)

= 154.42 kg/cm square

• Due to warping = (E.alpha.t)/3(1- u) x under root a/l

= 20.79 kg/cm square

Where, alpha = Temperature coefficient = 9.2x10^-6

t = Temperature difference between top layer and bottom layer of

road = 11.30 degree Celsius
  Stresses at edge

• Due to wheel load = 0.572 x P/h^3 x (4log x (1/b) + 0.35a)

= 61.94 kg/cm square

• Due to friction = f x rg. L/2

= 0.1876 kg/cm square Where, f = coefficient of friction = 1.5

rg = Density of tempered glass = 2.5x10^-3 kg/cm cube

L = Side of panel = 1meter

• Due to warping = Cx .(E x alpha x t)/2 or Cy .(E x alpha x t)/2

= 5.83 kg/cm square

Where, Cx and Cy is Bradbury coefficient = 0.153

 Flexural strength of Tempered Glass = 917.745 kg/cm square

 Maximum Stress is generate at edge portion = 175.21 kg/cm square

 Factor of safety = Flexural strength / Max stress

= 5.23 > 1 that means safe

 Power calculations

Efficiency of cell = 21%

In one square meter 64 cells are provided

Single cell power generation = 3.9 watt/hr

Power generation for one square meter = 3.9 x 64

= 250 watt/hr

Considering 4 hour of power generation for one day = 250 x 4

= 1000 watt/day
If we construct 500-meter solar road for 7 meter wide

Area of road = 500 x 7

= 3500meter square

Power generation from road = 3500 x 1000

= 3500000 watt/day

Reduce 20% as a factor of safety = 3500000 - 700000

= 2800000 watt/day
 Result
 After looking at the capabilities of solar road panels it
is clear that they are truly a viable and dynamic
solution to the problem of finding renewable energy
sources.

 The solar road panels can withstand weight of 5100

kg wheel load with factor of safety more than 5.

 The theoretical total amount of energy 2800000

watt/day could produce if it were to be transformed
into a solar road of 7 meter wide and 500 meter long.

 To construct the solar road would require a minimum

of 3500 panels.
 Conclusion
 To conclude, we have decided that the
implementation of solar road is not feasible at this
moment in time although there are clear educational
and financial benefits.

 Solar road having initial cost is approximately three

to five time of normal asphalt road.
 At this moment, the only way to implement this project would
be to receive large amounts of grant money from the
government. This route is feasible, but it would take a lot of
time, planning, politics, and collaboration among professors
and senior staff members. To construct the solar road would
require a minimum of 3500 panels.

 As the solar road panel makes its way into production and the
efficiency of the solar cells increases projects like this one
will become more feasible.
 References
 Ronald A. Coutu Jr., David Newman, Mohiuddin
Munna, Joseph H. Tschida and Scott Brusaw (January
2021). Engineering Tests to Evaluate the Feasibility of
an Emerging Solar Pavement Technology for Public
Roads and Highways.

 Vipul Jain (August 2015). Viability of Solar Roads in

India.
 Ayushi Mehta, Neha Aggrawal, Anjali Tiwari (May 2015). Solar
Roadways-The future of roadways.

 Prajakta Patil, Shivani Joshi, Prof. Shantini Bokil (2017).

Emerging Trends of Harnessing Solar Energy from Road
Pavement: A Green Road Concept.

 IRC:58 Guidelines for the design of plain jointed rigid pavement

for highways.
Thank you