PROBLEM SET 6:

LOGARITHM
&
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
ALICIA R. AMORES
 Exponential and Logarithmic
functions are non algebraic
functions. They belong to the so
called transcendental functions.
Parts of Logarithm Equation
 Expressed mathematically, x is the logarithm
of n to the base b if bx = n, in which case one
writes x = logb n.
 For example, 23 = 8; therefore, 3 is the
logarithm of 8 to base 2, or 3 = log2 8.
 Rules of Logarithms
 Rule 1: Product Rule. The logarithm of the

product is the sum of the logarithms of the

factors.
 Rule 2: Quotient Rule. ...
 Rule 3: Power Rule. ...
 Rule 4: Zero Rule. ...
 Rule 5: Identity Rule. ...
 Rule 6: Inverse Property of Logarithm. ...
 Rule 7: Inverse Property of Exponent.
 The Four Basic Properties of Logs

 logb(xy) = logbx + logby.

 logb(x/y) = logbx - logby.

 logb(xn) = n logbx.

 logbx = logax / logab.

Rule or special case Formula

Quotient ln(x/y)=ln(x)−ln(y)

Log of power ln(xy)=yln(x)

Log of e ln(e)=1

Log of one ln(1)=0

Problem # 1
1. Solve the Equation
2 𝑋 +1
1
=1
2
Solution:
2 𝑋 +1
1
=1
2
Change the base:

log 𝑎 𝑥
log 𝑥 =
log 𝑎 𝑏
log 1
=2 𝑥 +1
log 2
log 1
=2 𝑥 +1
log 2
0
=2 𝑥 +1
log 2
0 =2 𝑥 + 1
2 𝑥=−1
2𝑥 − 1
=
2 2
1
𝑥 =−
2
 𝑃 𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚 ¿ 2
x
Solution:
Take log on both sides
log x
+m
(m-1)
(m-1)

m+