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Culture Documents
48
Penalty for
complex crimes. —
When a single act constitutes
two or more grave or less
grave felonies, or when an
offense is a necessary means
for committing the other, the
penalty for the most serious
crime shall be imposed, the
same to be applied in its
maximum period.
• The 2 or more grave or less grave felonies must
be the result of a single act, or an offense must
be a necessary means to commit the crime.
Requisites:
1. That at least 2 offenses are committed
2. That one or some of the offenses must be
Necessary to commit the other
3. That both or all the offenses must be
punished under the Same Statute
● “Necessary means” does not mean “indispensable means”.
Requisites:
1. 2 or more crimes are committed
2. But the law treats them as a Single, Indivisible, and
unique offense
3. Product of Single Criminal Impulse
Examples:
Elements
Requisites Requisites: Requisites:
1. That only a 1. That at least 2 offenses are 1. 2 or more crimes are committed
Single act is performed by the committed 2. But the law treats them as a
offender 2. That one or some of the Single,
2. That the single acts produces: offenses must be Indivisible, and unique offense
a. 2 or more grave felonies,or Necessary to commit the other 3. Product of Single
b.1 or more grave and 1 or more 3. That both or all the offenses Criminal Impulse
less grave felonies, or 2 or more must be punished under the
less grave felonies Same Statute.
Imposable Penalty
Penalty for most serious crime Penalty for most serious crime That which is indicated in Penal Code
shall be imposed in its shall be imposed in its
maximum period maximum period [Art. 48]
[Art. 48]
There is NO COMPLEX CRIME in the
following:
1. In case of continuing crimes
2. When one offense is committed to conceal the other
3. When the other crime is an indispensable part or an element of the
other offenses as defined
4. Where one of the offenses is penalized by a special law
5. When the law provides one single penalty for special complex crime:
a. Robbery with Homicide
b. Robbery with Rape
c. Rape with Homicide
d. Kidnapping with Serious Physical Injuries
e. Kidnapping with Homicide
PLURALITY OF
CRIMES
-consists in the
successive execution by
the same individual of
different criminal acts
upon any of which no
conviction has yet been
declared.
Kinds Of Plurality Of Crimes:
1. Formal or Ideal – only one criminal liability. Formal or ideal crimes are
further divided into three groups, where a person committing multiple
crimes is punished with only one penalty:
a. when the offender commits any of the complex crimes defined in
Art. 48
b. when the law specifically fixes a single penalty for 2 or more
offenses committed: robbery w/ homicide, kidnapping w/ serious physical
injuries
c. when the offender commits continued crimes
2. Real Or Material – there are different crimes in law as well as in the
conscience of the offender. In such cases, the offender shall be punished
for each and every offense that he committed
CONTINUED CRIME
● refers to a single crime consisting of a series of acts but all
arising from one criminal resolution. Although there is a series of
acts, there is only one crime committed, so
only one penalty shall be imposed.