Chapter 1

Shift of Educational Focus from Content to

Learning Outcomes

LLOYD PSYCHE T. BALTAZAR

Shift of Educational Focus
 Education originated from the Latin terms “educare”
or “educere” which meant “to draw out”.

 Ironically, however, for centuries now the belief is that

education is a “pouring process” wherein the teacher
is seen as a “giver of knowledge”.
Shift of Educational
Focus

The two main

elements of the
educative process are
the teacher and the
student.
Shift of Educational Focus

 The advent of technology caused a change of

perspective in education.

 Since students are surrounded with

various sources of facts and information
accessible through various technologies.

From being sole source of knowledge, the

teacher has become a facilitator of
knowledge who assists in the organization,
interpretation, and validation of acquired facts
and information.
 Outcome-Based Education Outcomes-based
(OBE) is a student-centric teaching
and learning methodology in which
Education (OBE)
the course delivery, assessment are
planned to achieve stated
objectives and outcomes. It focuses
on measuring student performance
i.e. outcomes at different levels.
Outcomes-based Education (OBE)
Characteristics:
 It is student-centered
- student is the heart of the process
 It is faculty driven
- responsibility for teaching, assessing program outcomes and
motivating participation
 It is meaningful
- guide teachers to make improvement
Outcomes-based Education (OBE)
Some Aspects of OBE:

Learning or Instructional
outcomes (LOs) are measurable
statements that articulate at the
beginning what students should
know, be able to do, or value as a
result of taking a course.
Outcomes-based Education (OBE)
Some Aspects of OBE:
Course is defined as a theory, practical or theory cum
practical subject studied in a semester. For example:
Educ 105, Engineering Mathematics, etc.

Course Outcomes (COs) are statements that describe

significant and essential learning that learners have
achieved, and can reliably demonstrate at the end of a
course. Generally, three or more course outcomes may
be specified for each course based on its weightage.
Outcomes-based Education (OBE)
Some Aspects of OBE:
Program is defined as the specialization or discipline of a
Degree. It is the interconnected arrangement of courses, co-
curricular and extracurricular activities to accomplish
predetermined objectives leading to the awarding of a
degree. For Example: BEED, BSED.

Program Outcomes (POs) are narrower statements that

describe what students are expected to be able to do by the
time of graduation.
Outcomes-based Education (OBE)
Some Aspects of OBE:
Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
are the statements that describe the
expected achievements of graduates in their
career, and also in particular, what the
graduates are expected to perform and
achieve during the first few years after
graduation.
Outcomes-based Education (OBE)
Some Aspects of OBE:

Institutional Outcomes (ILOs)

are statements of what the
graduates of an educational
institution are supposed to be able
to do beyond graduation.
Outcomes-based Education (OBE)
INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOMES

PROGRAM OUTCOMES

COURSE OUTCOMES

LEARNING/INSTRUCTIONAL OUTCOMES
INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOME:
The students should leave the university having acquired certain abilities,
values, and commitments to demonstrate their selected profession.

PROGRAM OUTCOME:
As a result of completing this program, BEED/BSED graduates are expected to
apply a wide range of teaching process skills particularly on lesson planning,
materials development, teaching approaches, and ethical considerations.

COURSE OUTCOME:
Upon completion of the course, the BEED/BSED students are expected to
construct a classroom assessment tool observing the knowledge and thinking
skills.

LEARNING OUTCOME:
At the end of the topic, the students will be able to construct a 50-item multiple
choice test considering its principles.
Outcomes-based Education (OBE)
To implement OBE, the following are recommended:

1. Identification of the educational objectives of the

subject/course.

- Educational objectives are broad goals, defined in general

terms that a subject or course expects to achieve.
Outcomes-based Education (OBE)
To implement OBE, the following are recommended:

2. Listing of learning outcomes specified for each

subject/course objective.

- Learning outcomes are stated as concrete active verbs. These

are grouped into three (3): Cognitive (knowledge), Psychomotor
(skills), and Affective (attitude).
Outcomes-based Education (OBE)
To implement OBE, the following are recommended:

3. Drafting outcomes assessment procedure.

- Enable the teacher to determine the degree to which the

students are attaining the desired learning outcomes.
The Outcomes of Education
IMMEDIATE OUTCOMES

- are competencies/skills acquired upon completion of an instruction,

a subject, a grade level, a segment of program or the program itself

Examples:
 Ability to communicate in writing and speaking
 Mathematical problem-solving skill
 Ability to present an investigative science project
 Promotion to a higher grade level
 Passing a licensure examination
The Outcomes of Education
DEFERRED OUTCOMES

- ability to apply cognitive, psychomotor, and affective skills in various situations

many years after completion of a subject, grade level or degree program

Examples:
 Success in professional practice or occupation
 Promotion in a job
 Success in career planning, health, and wellness
 Awards and recognition