PRE-MECHANICAL AGE:

3000 B.C – 1450 A.D.

CONCEPT OF PREMECHANICAL AGE

1. WRITING AND ALPHABET AS

COMMUNICATION

 Communicated only through speaking and picture drawings.

 3000 B.C., the sumerians in mesopotamia
 2000 B.C., Phoenicians created symbols
 Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet and added vowels.
 Romans gave letters Latin names
2. PAPER AND PENS AS INPUT
TECHNOLOGIES

 Sumerians’ input technology was stylus that could scratch marks in wet day clay.
 About 2600 B.C., the Egyptians write on the papyrus plant.
 Around 100 A.D., the Chinese made paper from rags,
3. BOOKS AND LIBRARIES AS
PERMANENT STORAGE DEVICE

 Religious leaders in Mesopotamia kept the earliest ‘’books’’.

 The Egyptians kept scrolls.
 Around 600 B.C., the Greeks began to fold sheets of papyrus vertically into leaves and
bind them together.
 4. THE FIRST NUMBERING SYSTEM
 Egyptians system:
 The number 1-9 as vertical lines, the number 10 as U or circle, the number 100 as a coiled
rope, and the number 1,000 as a lutos blossom.
5. THE FIRST CALCULATORS NAME
ABACUS
 It consists of:
-Wooden frame
-Rods (represents a different place value- ones, hundreds, thousands and so on.)
-Beads
The Mechanical
Age:1450-1840
1. THE FIRST INFORMATION
EXPLOSION
 Johann Gutenberg
-Mainz, Germany
-Invented the movable metal-type printing process in 1450.
 The development of book indexes and the widespread use of page
numbers.

2. THE FIRST GENERAL PURPOSE

“COMPUTERS”
 It is actually the people who held job title “Computer: One who works
3. SLIDE RULES, THE PASCALINE AND
LEIBNIZ’S MACHINE
 Slide Rule
-Early 1600s
-William Oughtred- An English clergyman, invented the side rule.
-An early example of an analog computer.
 The Pascaline
-Invented by Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
-1642 –It is one of the first mechanical
computing machines.
-It could only do addition and subtraction

 Leibniz Machine
-Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646-1716).
-A German Mathematician and
Philosopher.
4. BABBAGE’S ENGINE
-Charles Babbage (1792-1871)
-An eccentric Mathematician
 The Difference Engine
- This engine is strictly calculators
- Working model created in 1822
-The ‘method of differences’
 The Analytical Engine
-First Computer
-19TH century
-designed and partly built by the English inventor Charles
Babbage
5. Joseph Marie Jacquard’s Loom (1752-
1832)
-1801
- A mechanical loom that uses pasteboards cards with
punched holes, each card corresponding to one row of the
design was introduced.
-Binary Logic

6. Augusts Ada Byron (1815-1852)

-Also known as Ada Lovelace and Ada King
-The first programmer
 THE
ELECTROMECHANICAL
AGE: 1840-1940
1. The Beginnings of Telecommunication
* Voltaic Battery

- Late 18th Century

* Telegraph
-Early 1800s
*Morse Code
- develop in 1835 by Samuel Morse
- Dots and dashes.
* Telephone and Radio
*Alexander Graham Bell in 1876
* Followed by the discovery that electrical waves travel
* Led to the invention of the radio
* Guglielmo Marconi in 1894

2. ELECTROMECHANICAL COMPUTING
- Herman Hollerith (1860-1929) in 1880
- Census Machine
- Data collected during the 1890 census included: color or race, gender, age,
relationship that each person had to the head of the family, profession, occupation, and
many more.
 IBM
-International Business Machines Corporation’s First Logo

 Mark 1
-Howard H. Aiken, physics professor.
-Paper Tape stored data and program instructions.
-Also called “Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC)
THE ELECTRONIC AGE:
1940-present
1. ECKERT AND MAUCKLY (1946)
-The first High Speed, General-Purpose Compute Using Vacuum
Tubes: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)
-Used Vacuum tubes to do its calculations. Hence, the first
electronic computer.
-Developers Jhon Mauchly, a physicist, and J. Prosper Eckert,
an electrical engineer.
2. THE FIST STORED PROGRAM COMPUTER
-Early 1940w, Mauckly and Eckertbegan to design the
Electronic Discreet Variable Computer (EDVAC)
-Able to store any program in memory that was fed to it.

-Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) in 1949 two years before
EDVAC was finished.
-EDSAC- the first stored program computer in general use.
 1.The first General-Purpose Computer for commercial Use: Universal AutomatIc Computer
(UNIVAC)
 Late 1940’s
-Eckert and Mauckley began the development of a computer called UNIVAC.
 1951
-UNIVAC was delivered to census bureau
 Lyons Electronic Office (LEO)
-went into action a few months before UNIVAC and became the world’s first commercial computer.