ME142L

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2
(LAB)
HB 024
Osborne WEEK 1 - FLOW PATTERN IN
Reynolds Apparatus PIPES
1T/2022-2023
Instruction Manual

Prepared by:
Engr. Manuel B. Rustria
8/20/2022 August 20, 2022 1
 Objectives
1. Explain laminar, transition, and turbulent flow;
2. Determine the Reynolds Number of a flowing fluid;
3. Identify the types of flow in fluids; and
4. Perform an experiment on flow pattern using the
Reynolds apparatus.

8/20/2022 2
 General
8/20/2022
Description 3
 Test Procedures

Figure 1-2 Details of HB 024

8/20/2022 4
 General Description
 This equipment
provides laminar,
transitional, and
turbulent flow  as 
predicted by Osborne
Reynolds.
 It is to be used with
HB100 Hydraulics
Bench (separately
supplied)
HB 100 Hydraulic Bench
8/20/2022 5
 General Description
 It consists of a removable clear acrylic cylinder with an
adjustable overflow pipe.
 Water is admitted at the bottom of the tank through a diffuser
and stilling materials,  and  is discharged via a bell mouth
transparent vertical test pipe with a flow control valve.
 Flow rate is measured by a measuring cup. 

8/20/2022 6
 General Description
 A dye injection system is installed on top of the acrylic cylinder
tank and flow patterns in the pipe can be observed against a
white background plate. 
 The apparatus has a hose with a quick male coupling for
connection to the Hydraulics Bench.

8/20/2022 7
 General Description
1.1 Technical Data
1.1.1 Cylindrical diameter : 200 mm.
1.1.2 Test pipe inside diameter : 14 mm cylinder or
13 mm glass or as required.
1.1.3 Length of test pipe : 720 mm.
1.1.4 Dye reservoir : 0.5 l.
1.1.5 Measuring cup : 2l

8/20/2022 8
 General Description
1.2 Optional
1.2.1 HB 024-020 Water heating unit.
 Water viscosity is controlled by its temperature.
 The heating unit consists of:
• Insulated heating tank with 4500 W heater.
• Temperature control unit (45°C maximum).
• Power supply: 220 V. 1Ph., 50 Hz or as required.

8/20/2022 9
 Introduction to
8/20/2022
Fluid Mechanics
10
 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
2.1 Laminar Flow (Fig. 2-1)
 When the flow is very slow the molecules of the fluid will
move in layers parallel to the pipe wall in the direction of
the flow.
 The molecules at the center of the pipe move faster than
the molecules near the wall.
 This state of flow is called Laminar Flow

8/20/2022 11
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

Path of particles Velocity profile

Figure 2-1 Laminar flow

8/20/2022 12
 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
2.2 Turbulent Flow (Fig. 2-2)
 When the flow is very fast the molecules have an irregular
motion in a diffused pattern but in general, in the direction
of flow with nearly the same velocity across the diameter
except molecules near the pipe will move only slightly
slower than the molecules near the center of the pipe.
 This state of flow is called turbulent flow.
 Flows in most cases of engineering study are turbulent flow.

8/20/2022 13
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

Path of particles Velocity profile

Figure 2-2 Turbulent flow

8/20/2022 14
 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
2.3 Reynolds Number
 Type of flow may be indicated by a dimensionless quantity
called Reynolds Number ReD
= =
 Where: = Reynolds number, dimensionless
number
= Density of the fluid, Kg/m3
= Velocity of fluid, m/s
= Tube inside diameter, m
= Dynamic viscosity, N·s/m2
8/20/2022 v = Density of the fluid, Kg/m3 15
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
 When: , the flow is laminar
, the flow is turbulent
, the flow is in transition

8/20/2022 16
 Test Procedures
8/20/2022 17
 Test Procedures

Figure 3-1 Osborne Reynolds apparatus

8/20/2022 18
 Test Procedures
3.1 Set the Hydraulics Bench to a level position as per the
Hydraulics Bench instruction manual.
3.2 Place the HB 024 Osborne Reynolds apparatus on a bench
next to the Hydraulics Bench such that discharge of the
apparatus can still be made to the bench measuring tank.
This is to eliminate any disturbance on the stream line due to
bench vibrations. Adjust the screws at the base for a level
condition and connect the water supply hose from the bench
to the equipment.

8/20/2022 19
 Test Procedures
3.3 Adjust the apparatus over flow tube about 5cm, lower to the
top head tank.
3.4 Connect the Hydraulics Bench water outlet to the test
apparatus.
3.5 Open the Hydraulics Bench flow control valve slightly to allow
only small over flow.
3.6 Mix the dye with water and pour the mixture into the dye
reservoir.

8/20/2022 20
 Test Procedures
3.7 Put the dye reservoir in place as Fig. 3-1. Adjust the needle to
the center line of the test tube slightly and protrude into the
bell mouth.
3.8 Slightly open the test tube flow control valve for a small flow.
3.9 Slightly open the dye flow control valve. The objective is to
allow the dye velocity at the needle outlet is of the same
velocity as the water entering the test tube so that the dye is
a stream line.
3.10 Water flow rate is measured by a stop watch and a graduated
beaker placing at the apparatus discharge.
8/20/2022 21
 Test Procedures
3.11 Observe that the dye remain as a stream line in the test tube.
The line may move slightly side to side but remain as a single
line.
3.12 Record the water temperature.
3.13 Record the flow volume and time per 3.10.
3.14 Slight increase the flow rate and adjust the dye flow rate if
necessary, until the stream line begins to diffuse, which
signifies turbulent flow. Record the flow volume and time per
3.10.
8/20/2022 22
 Test Procedures
3.15 Slowly decrease the opening of the flow control valve until
the flow changes from turbulent to laminar and measure the
flow rate by measuring cup.
3.16 Repeat steps 3.14 and 3.15 many times to obtain clear
transition region.
3.17 For apparatus with optional HB-024-020 water heating unit,
connect the heating unit to the apparatus as per Addendum
3. Then proceed for the test as per 3.12 to 3.16.

8/20/2022 23
 Test Procedures
DATA SHEET
HB 024 OSBORNE REYNOLDS APPARATUS

Tested by………………………..Date…………..
ID = 14 mm
Water kinematics viscosity at…….°C = …………………….m2/s
No. Volume of water Time Inlet flow rate Velocity Reynolds number Phenomena
V t Q V ReD
m x 10-4
3
(s) (1/min) m/s
(100 ml)

8/20/2022 24
 Sample Data
8/20/2022 25
 Sample Data
DATA SHEET
HB 024 OSBORNE REYNOLDS APPARATUS

Tested by… H. Pairin ..Date…Oct. 10, 06..

ID = 14 mm
Water kinematics viscosity at…30…°C = …0.804 x 10-6….m2/s
No. Vo5lume of water Time Inlet flow rate Velocity Reynolds number Phenomena
V t Q V ReD
m x 10-4
3
(s) (1/min) m/s
(100 ml)

1 4.0 26.65 0.901 0.097 1697 LAMINAR

2 4.5 25.65 1.053 0.114 1984 LAMINAR
3 5.0 23.35 1.285 0.139 2421 LAMINAR
4 5.5 22.35 1.477 0.160 2783 LAMINAR
8/20/2022 26
 Sample Data
No. Vo5lume of water Time Inlet flow rate Velocity Reynolds number Phenomena
V t Q V ReD
m x 10-4
3
(s) (1/min) m/s
(100 ml)

5 6.0 22.0 1.636 0.177 3054 LAMINAR

6 6.5 21.10 1.848 0.200 3483 LAMINAR
7 7.0 20.53 2.046 0.221 3855 LAMINAR
8 7.5 20.13 2.235 0.242 4213 TURBULENT
9 8.0 20.09 2.389 0.259 4503 TURBULENT
10 7.5 20.20 2.228 0.241 4198 TURBULENT
11 7.0 20.85 2.014 0.218 3796 TURBULENT
12 6.5 21.20 1.840 0.199 3467 TURBULENT
13 6.0 21.93 16.42 0.178 3094 TURBULENT
14 5.5 22.13 1.491 0.161 2810 TURBULENT
8/20/2022 27
 Sample Data
No. Vo5lume of water Time Inlet flow rate Velocity Reynolds number Phenomena
V t Q V ReD
m x 10-4
3
(s) (1/min) m/s
(100 ml)

15 5.0 23.03 1.303 0.141 2466 TURBULENT

16 4.2 24.63 1.096 0.119 2066 TURBULENT
17 4.0 25.62 0.937 0.101 1765 LAMINAR
18 3.5 32.05 0.655 0.071 1235 LAMINAR

8/20/2022 28
 Sample
8/20/2022
Calculations 29
 Sample Calculations
 From test no. 1 of sample data
Test no. Volume of water Time
10-4 m3(100ml) s
1 4 26.65

8/20/2022 30
 Sample Calculations
 Flow rate of water in the glass tube:
=
=
=

8/20/2022 31
 Sample Calculations
 Velocity of water in the glass tube:
= =
=
=

8/20/2022 32
 Sample Calculations
 From table of properties of water:
Water at 30°C give the dynamic viscosity of
μ = 0.0801 × 10-3 Ns/m2and density = 995.7 kg/m3
= =
= 1,705 (< 2,000. the flow is laminar)

8/20/2022 33
 Sample Calculations
 Please note that at the point of changing from laminar to
turbulent (increase flow rate) and from turbulent to laminar
(decrease flow rate) may be not the same.

8/20/2022 34
 Sample Calculations
TABLE C.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER IN SI UNITS
Bulk
Dynamic Kinematic Surface Vapor
Speci3fic modulus of
Density Viscosity Viscosity Tension Pressure
Temp, °C weight , elasticity
, kg/m3 , N·s/m2 , m2/s , N/m head
N/m3 K, N·m2
10-3 = 10-6 v = 100 = ,m
10-2 K =
0 9805 999.9 1.792 1.792 7.62 0.06 204
5 9806 1000.0 1.519 1.519 7.54 0.09 206
10 9803 999.7 1.308 1.308 7.48 0.12 211
15 9798 999.1 1.140 1.141 7.41 0.17 214
20 9789 998.2 1.005 1.007 7.36 0.25 220
25 9779 997.1 0.894 0.897 7.26 0.33 222
30
8/20/2022
9767 995.7 0.801 0.804 7.18 0.44 223
35
 Sample Calculations
TABLE C.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER IN SI UNITS
Bulk
Dynamic Kinematic Surface Vapor
Speci370fic modulus of
Density Viscosity Viscosity Tension Pressure
Temp, °C weight , elasticity
, kg/m3 , N·s/m2 , m2/s , N/m head
N/m3 K, N·m2
10-3 = 10-6 v = 100 = ,m
10-2 K =
35 9752 994.1 0.723 0.727 7.10 0.58 224
40 9737 992.2 0.656 0.661 7.01 0.76 227
45 9720 990.2 0.599 0.605 6.92 0.98 229
50 9697 988.1 0.549 0.556 9.82 1.26 230
55 9679 985.7 0.506 0.513 6.74 1.61 231
60 9658 983.2 0.469 0.477 6.68 2.03 228
65
8/20/2022
9635 980.6 0.436 0.444 6.58 2.56 226
36
 Sample Calculations
TABLE C.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER IN SI UNITS
Bulk
Dynamic Kinematic Surface Vapor
Speci370fic modulus of
Density Viscosity Viscosity Tension Pressure
Temp, °C weight , elasticity
, kg/m3 , N·s/m2 , m2/s , N/m head
N/m3 K, N·m2
10-3 = 10-6 v = 100 = ,m
10-2 K =
70 9600 977.8 0.406 0.415 6.50 3.2 225
75 9589 974.9 0.380 0.390 6.40 3.96 223
80 9557 971.8 0.357 0.367 6.30 4.86 221
85 9529 968.6 0.336 0.347 6.20 5.93 217
90 9499 965.3 0.317 0.328 6.12 7.18 216
95 9469 961.9 0.299 0.311 6.02 9.62 211
100
8/20/2022
9438 958.4 0.284 0.290 5.94 10.33 207
37
 REFERENCES
HB 024 Osborne Reynolds Apparatus
Instruction Manual

8/20/2022 38
 A wise man is full of strength, and a man of knowledge
enhances his might.
Prov. 24:5 (ESV)

END.
8/20/2022 39