KEY CO N C EP T S

1. MORAL D IL EM M A S
PRE-ASSESSMENT

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 WHAT IS MORAL DILEMMA?

“A moral dilemma is a pretty broad term and, of course,

differs from person to person. To sum it up: it's a war
between conflicting personal viewpoints or morals that
you have. The Id vs. the Super-Ego in some cases.”
“A moral dilemma is when you have to choose between two
or more choices and have ethical reasons for choosing each
choice.”
  Signated by being
“bothered” -
DILEMMAS nababagabag
 Why am I bothered?
 When did you have
that “bothered”
feeling?
  Dilemmas are experiences
where an agent is confused
about the right decision to
make because there are
several competing values that
are seemingly equally
important and urgent.

WHAT IS DILEMMA?
  Strong feelings signal
FEELINGS the presence of a
AND dilemma.

DILEMMAS  one can be conditioned

to be indifferent so
what used to be
NAKAKABAGABAG
is no longer a dilemma.
  Dilemmas are not
about competing
FEELINGS solutions
AND  We normally handle
the “pagkabagabag”
DILEMMAS by immediately
offering solutions
instead of articulating
the competing values
or issues e.g. should I
cheat or not cheat
 INDIVIDUAL
 ORGANIZATIONAL
 SYSTEMIC

THREE LEVELS OF MORAL

DILEMMA
Individual Level – is a situational problem for an
individual who is experiencing a difficulty in
choosing between two or more options. Factors like
peer pressure, perspective, and any other personal
cultural beliefs may vary and make a difference on
the individual’s decision.

THREE LEVELS OF MORAL

DILEMMA
Organizational Level – this level usually
occurs when a dilemma is made and the
standards of the person’s standards are already
attached or is being affected by policies or
procedures of an organization.

THREE LEVELS OF MORAL

DILEMMA
The Systemic Level or the Macro level defined ethics and is
influenced by the wider environmental operation where the
company exist. Political pressures, economic status, societal
attitudes to some businesses and even business regulation are
the factors that influence the standard of company operation
and policies. Business owners and managers must be informed
about how pressures like these can affect operations and
relationships, and how they may impact on markets locally,
nationally and internationally.

THREE LEVELS OF MORAL

DILEMMA
 Consider:

Ramon a Grade 5 honor student at an all-boys’

Grade school allows Jose a large burly boy seated next
to him, to peek at his math quarterly exam.
Unfortunately, teacher sees this and immediately gives
both boys a failing mark for the quarter exam. Ramon
feels that great injustice has been committed; that Jose
should have been punished more severely than him.

FEELINGS AND DILEMMAS

  Why does Ramon feel this way
about Teacher’s punishment?
 Why did Ramon allow Jose to
copy?

FEELINGS AND DILEMMAS

 How should you handle a moral dilemma?
PADLET ACTIVITY 1
 Certainly not through feelings

 Upsurge of feelings cannot be prevented

 What we do with them separates the mature

from the immature agent

FEELINGS AND DILEMMAS

  Reason Defined

USING
REASON AND A faculty
IMPARTIALIT A way of dealing with issues
Y Moral judgments are not a
matter of personal
preferences or taste
  Impartiality Defined
Every stakeholders
interest is equally important
USING
REASON AND There are no special
interests or people , thus in
IMPARTIALIT making every moral decision
each stakeholder’s interest
Y should be considered

One must not be arbitrary

Every person should be

treated the same way unless
there is good reason not to
do so.
 Why Reason? Why
Impartiality?

USING
Because dilemmas REASON AND
are complex IMPARTIALITY
experiences;
hard to make a good
decision
 SUMMARY: TO BE ETHICAL REQUIRES
PAUSE
1. To get hold of emotions before they do
damage.
2. To distance from what everyone else is
saying.

MORALITY SUMMARY: TO BE ETHICAL REQUIRES

Critical Thinking
1. To analyze the situation, consider
stakeholders interest make the right
choices.
2. To see the bigger picture and align the
choice with what values are important to me.
 B.F. Good rich – manufacturer of
vehicle parts.
1. Won a military contract to
design, test and manufacture
aircraft brakes
2. Specification of the brake
MORALITY 3.
given
Vandivier, was given the
CASE: responsibility to write a
report on the test runs
4. The brakes did not comply
with the specifications
5. Superiors wanted him to
falsify the test data and the
reports.
6. Vandiver agreed to co-
operate due to personal and
financial commitments
 Vandivier’s Beliefs
(Moral Standards)

 The right to tell

MORALITY the truth
 Wrong to
endanger lives of
others
 Integrity is good
 Dishonesty is bad
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POST-ASSESSMENT