9/9/22

Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction

B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve

DNA:

1. State the effect of increasing the temperature on

the rate of:
a) an exothermic reaction
b) an endothermic reaction

2. What is a catalyst? (2)

3. How does a catalyst work? (3)

Keywords to include: activation energy, chemically

unchanged, alternative reaction pathway
 Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction 9/9/22
B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve

ANSWERS:
1. State the effect of increasing the temperature on
the rate of:
a) an exothermic reaction – the rate will increase
b) an endothermic reaction - the rate will increase

What is a catalyst? (2)

A substance that speeds up a reaction but is chemically
unchanged at the end of the reaction

How does a catalyst work? (3)

It provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower
activation energy. This causes more successful collisions
per second.
 Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction
B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve

Read through the information provided about

heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis
 Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction
B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve

Homogeneous Catalysis
 Answer = C

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catalyst
 Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction
B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve

In both homogeneous and heterogeneous

catalysis, the catalyst lowers the activation
energy.
This means there are more particles with
enough energy to react when they collide –
more successful collisions per second.
This can also be shown on the Maxwell-
Boltzmann distribution graph.
 Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction
B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve
 Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction
B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve

The Economical Benefits of Catalysts:

Many industries rely on catalysts.

1. They can dramatically lower production
costs
2. increase the amount of product produced
in a given time period
3. improve the quality of the products.
 Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction
B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve

Example 1:
Iron is used as a catalyst in ammonia production. If
it wasn’t for the catalyst, the temperature would
have to be raised to make the reaction happen quick
enough. This would increase the energy costs and it
would decrease the amount of ammonia produced
since the reaction is reversible, and exothermic in
the direction of ammonia production (increasing the
temperature favours the endothermic direction).
 Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction
B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve

Example 2:
Using a catalyst can change the properties of
a product to make it more useful, e.g.
poly(ethene)
 Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction
B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve

Catalysts and Atom Economy in Industry

Using catalysts can lead to reactions being

developed that make the desired products with
little or no co-product. This will increase the atom
economy.

They may also reduce side reactions producing

other unwanted products, making product
separation easier.
 Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction
B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve

Example:
The manufacture of ibuprofen

Old method New and improved method

Involved six steps Involves 3 steps
Aluminium chloride was Two different catalysts
used as a catalyst (which used that can be
couldn’t be recovered) as recovered and reused
well as many other many times
reagents
 Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction
B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve

Match the effect to its corresponding

benefit
Effect of using better
benefit
catalysts
Less product lost – higher
Fewer steps
percentage yield
Less separating techniques More product produced in
required a given time
Less waste – higher atom
Quicker process
economy
Energy costs are likely to
Little or no co-products
be less
 Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction
B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve

Learning Check:
 Title: Effect of Catalysts on Rate of Reaction
B Grade: Describe and explain the affect of catalysts on the rate of a reaction
A Grade: Draw and interpret Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
KWs: activation energy (Ea), Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve

Self Assessment Plenary

Complete these sentences in your exercise book:

Today I have reached a grade…

I know this because I can now…
In order to improve my grade I will…
Extra Practice Questions