Objectives

1.To distinguish global north and south

2. To compare the characteristics of developed, developing
and underdeveloped countries
3. To discuss the recommendations of Brandt report addressing
the divisions of rich and poor regions.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4y9T1yt2Zac&t=69s
Factors of Division

•Economic Development
•Political Stability
•Wealth Distribution
•Socio-Political ( Standard of Living)
 
Global North Global South
1996
First World ( Democracy/ Capitalism ) Third World ( non aligned states)
Developed Countries Underdeveloped countries
Second World (Marxist) Russia, China, Political Authoritarianism, Dictatorship
Rich Countries Poor Countries
MEDCs LEDCs
More Economically Less Economically
Developed Countries Developed Countries

Economic Stability Unstable Govt, Economically Poor

Producers (Dominate Trade and
Politics)
Standard of Living High
Politically Stable
Good Quality of Life
Educ., Health care, Technology,
Life expectancy is high
Ready and Willing Market, Agricultural
( Socio, Political, Eco)
Poor Standard of Living
Starvation, Malnutrition, Poverty,
Epidemic, Low Educ.,
Politically Unstable
Poor Quality of life
Low GDP, Low Human Devt Index
Life expectancy is low
Global North Global South
1996
U.S., Canada, France, Asia, Central America,
Germany, Italy, South America, Mexico,
Russia, United Kingdom, Africa, Middle East (Except Israel)
Australia, New Zealand, (Oceania)
Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan
(Asia)
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

 UN Human Development Report Norway Tops the
List as the Country With the Highest Quality of Life
2019

https://www.undispatch.com/in-the-new-un-human-development-report-
norway-tops-the-list-as-the-country-with-the-highest-quality-of-life/
https://www.undispatch.com/in-the-new-un-human-development-report-
norway-tops-the-list-as-the-country-with-the-highest-quality-of-life/
 Willy Brandt
(former Chancellor of West Germany) 1980
'Brandt Report
Independent Commission on International
Development Issues,
Failure of the world economic system
to provide social and economic equality for humanity.

Their aim was to “…organise international

meeting on North – South problems and adopt

agreements with mutual interests of partnership

immediate and longer term.”

Appeal to all world leaders and
people from every strata of life to
participate in the shaping of our
common future.
 • South needed to secure political and
economic independence and to trade on
fairer terms with rich countries.

• Restructuring the global economy to

allow developing countries to facilitate
their own economic growth and
development.

• North dominated economic power, “the

international economic system, its rules
and regulations, and its international
institutions of trade money and finance”

• Transfer of resources from North to South

in order to revive a failing world economy.

• Rich nations’ main role in the struggle to end

poverty is to supply aid is strongly rejected
by the commission, 
• Commission charts the recognition in the
1950s that international trade occurred on
unequal terms and hindered economic
development in poor countries.

• Transnational corporations were

able to survive at the expense of
developing countries.

• Levels of international aid to

developing countries were low
and government borrowing
increased .
• Funds misused in
programs not needed by
developing countries to
achieve greater self
sufficiency.

• International structural
reform efforts to
stabilise commodity
prices and deal with debt
problems, but progress
was minimal.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzIts9P1jrQ

PH GDP shrinks 4.2% in Q1 2021,

marking longest recession in
recent history
MAY 11, 2021 10:05 AM
Nature of internal structural reform based
on needs of countries

Economic development needed to

transform entire international
economic system.

The importance of human dignity, security,

justice and equity
to attain financial stability.
• Poorer nations, reliant upon
their agricultural exports, are
faced with an unfavourable
international trade regime
and erratic markets, which
undermine their ability to
promote structural
transformation. 

• Newly industrialised
countries, in Latin America
and South East Asia,
achieving good rates
of growth but
dependant on global
economic management
strategies.
Areas

Housing – two-third of
the world in developing
countries can not basic
shelter.

Health - lack of access

to medical care, clean
water and sanitation.

Education - developing
countries, the enrolment
of girls is low and levels
of illiteracy in 34
countries were at 80%.
 Recommendations of the Commissions:

The Poorest Countries

Poverty belts of Africa and Asia and least developed
countries.

1.Regional projects of water and soil management;

2.Health care and the eradication of such diseases as

river-blindness, malaria, sleeping sickness and
bilharzias;
3. Afforestation projects; solar energy development;
mineral and petroleum exploration;

4. Support for industrialization,

transport and other infrastructural investment.

•New machinery son a regional bias to coordinate

funding and to prepare plans in cooperation with
lending and borrowing countries.

•Greater technical assistance to assist such countries

with the preparation of programmes and projects.
Hunger and Food

•Increase agricultural
productivity and higher
incomes of the poor.

•Food aid should be increased

and employment promotion and
agricultural programmes and
projects to food production.

•Liberalization of trade in food

and other agricultural products
within and between North and
South will help to the
stabilization of food supplies.

Support the expansion of

Hunger and Food

Support the expansion of

international agricultural
research institutions through
regional cooperation.
Industrialisation and World Trade
 
1.Protectionism by industrialized
countries on anti-exports
of developing countries need
to be reformed.

2. Improved institutional machinery

and new trading rules and principles.

3. Financial support and technical

assistance for poorer countries and
establishment of commercial
infrastructure and their participation
in international trade negotiations.
International Organisations and Negotiations

Policies, agreements and institutions

in the international economic,
financial and monetary cooperation
in accordance with
the principle of universality.

Educating public opinion

and the younger generation on
the importance of international cooperation.

The occasional use of limited

summit meetings discussed the
consensus and change.