MONKEY POX

INFECTIOUS VIRAL DISORDER

(MR. HIMANSHU AGGARWAL)
B.PHARM 2ND YEAR
INTRODUCTION

A viral disease affecting rodents and primates in rainforest areas of west and
central Africa, related to smallpox and sometimes transmitted to humans.
The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus, a
zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus. The variola virus, the causative
agent of smallpox, is also in this Genus .Of the two types in humans, clade II
(formerly West African clade)causes a less severe disease than the Central
African (Congo basin) type.
INTRODUCTION

It may spread from infected animals by handling infected meat or via

bites or scratches. Human-to-human transmission can occur through
exposure to infected body fluids or contaminated objects, by small
droplets, and possibly through the airborne route.
SUMMARY

• Infectious disease
• Speciality
• Fever, headache, muscle pains, shivering, blistering rash, swollen lymph
• symptoms nodes
• Complications • Secondary infections, eye infection, visual loss, scarring,] encephalitis
• Duration sepsis, bronchopneumonia
• Types • 2-4 week

• Causes • Central African (Congo Basin), West African

• Diagnosis • Monkeypox virus

• Prevention • Test for DNA viral

• Medication • Smallpox vaccine, hand washing, covering rash, PPE,keeping away from
sick people
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

It is possible for a person to be infected with monkeypox without showing any symptoms.
Monkeypox symptoms tend to begin 5 to 21 days after infection, with early symptoms including
headache, muscle pains, fever and fatigue, initially resembling influenza.Within a few days of the
fever, lesions characteristically appear on the face before appearing on the trunk then
elsewhere such as palms of the hands and soles of the feet. The disease can resemble
chickenpox, measles and smallpox but is distinguished by the presence of swollen glands which
may appear behind the ear, below the jaw, in the neck or in the groin, before the onset of the
rash Many cases In the 2022 monkeypox outbreak presented with genital and peri- Anal lesions,
fever, swollen lymph nodes, and pain when Swallowing] with some patients manifesting only
single sores from the disease
COMPLICATIONS

Complications include secondary infections,

pneumonia, sepsis, encephalitis, and loss of vision
with severe eye infection. If infection occurs
during pregnancy, still birth or birth defects may
occur. The disease may be milder in people
vaccinated against smallpox in childhood
CAUSES

Monkeypox in both humans and animals is caused by infection with

the monkeypox virus – a double-stranded DNA virus in the genus
Orthopoxvirus, family Poxviridae. The virus was first identified in
captive monkeys and is found mainly in tropical rainforest regions of
Central and West Africa.The two subtypes of virus are clade I and
clade II (formerly Congo Basin and West African clades, matching the
geographical areas).
DIAGNOSIS

Clinical differential diagnosis must consider other rash illnesses, such as

chickenpox, measles, bacterial skin infections, scabies, syphilis and medication-
associated allergies. Lymphadenopathy during the prodromal stage of illness can
distinguish monkeypox from chickenpox or smallpox. Diagnosis can be verified
by testing for the virus.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of samples from
skin lesions is the preferred laboratory test. PCR blood tests are usually
inconclusive because the virus remains in blood only a short time. To interpret
test results, information is required on date of onset of fever,date of onset of
rash, date of specimen collection, current stage of rash, and patient age.
TREATMENT

• Supportive
• Antivirals
• vaccinia
• immune globulin
Thank you