RESEARCH METHODS

FOR MANAGERS
-A case study analysis
 METHODS OF OBSERVATION

 Structured observation
 Unstructured observation
 Covert observation
 Overt observation
 Participant Observation
 Non participant observation
 SOURCES OF COLLECTING DATA

Sources

Primary Secondary
sources sources

 Documentation
 Archival records
 Interviews
 Direct observations
 Participant observation
 Physical artifacts
 CASE STUDIES
We will be analysis the case studies and answering 4
important questions as in:

1. What is the problem of the case?

2. What is the solution?
3. What is the method of observation used?
4. Which source of data is used for collecting information?
 Case 1 analysis
 The case is regarding Improving Educational Conditions
especially for urban schools in the united states.
 The resources used include fiscal resources , diverse student
populations and local political constituencies.
 The person observed the problems faced by the school and
developed some things for improving the performance.
 He writes as a storyteller ,not a social science analyst.
 He makes a direct observation for solving the problem .
 He observed how the Houston Texas system dealt with
constrained fiscal resources ,diverse student population and
local political constituencies.
 Case 2 Analysis
 The major problem of this case is racism, a white police officer had
severally beaten a African American man.
 The officers who had committed the offence was acquitted of no
doings. This all led to a civil disobedience or riots that killed
several, injuring 2000 and arresting of 11,000 people.
 The observation followed here is Disguised observation .
 Unanimous video that showed the beating and the newspapers
which reported the crime form the sources of data.
 The primary source is the video and the secondary sources include
the data from newspapers.
 Case 3 Analysis
-Case study of encompassing the survey
 Case study focused on the estuarine setting including it's
description and the policies and public participation that
appeared to affect it.
 The investigator used variety of sources of data , including surveys
to conduct a case study on an urban - rural estuarine setting.
 In this setting , an integrated resource management programme
established to manage environmental and economic planning
issues.
 The participants in the policy process served as an embedded
unit of analysis.
 The investigator surveyed these individuals and the datas
presented with statistical tests.
 Case 4 Analysis
 The case is regarding the measurement of time spent
by the students on various tasks.
 Structured observation is the method of Observation
followed.
 Primary sources of data such as Open-ended interviews
and Surveys have been used here for collection of
data,
 The data was collected from more than one sources
and the data was quantitative.
 Case 5 Analysis
 The case study mainly focus on how congress
works.
 The account is an excellent example of participant
observation.
 They trace the introduction and passage of
legislation that created the national health service.
 They interact between the legislative and executive
branches of government and made essential
requirement.
 Case 7 Analysis
 The case includes study by Zigler and Muenchow on
growth and development of 'Head Start' one of the
most successful federal program .
 Result of study was publish of most readable and well
documented book
 The source of data was the Personal experience of
Zigler as its first director.
 Historical and field research, interview of 200 persons
associated with head start were the methods of data
collection
 Case 8 Analysis
 It is a Study on US Government Accountability office about
relationship between actual work of the organization and the
image it represent to external parties.
 On finding it was revealed that there is loose relation between
the two.
 Field observation method is used for the study.
 The researchers had used multiple sources of data:
 Observation
 Interview of 55 persons
 Historical data
 News articles
 Personal files etc.
 Case 9 Analysis
 The case is regarding the personal computer use in
schools.
 They have included both individual case reports and cross
case analysis of data.
 The method of observation is structured observation. The
researcher has focused specifically on the personal use of
the computers.
 Team members could determine the events at each site.
 The methods of collecting data includes and open ended
questionnaire of 50 questions