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THANK YOU!
Geographic, Linguistic
and Ethnic Dimensions of
Philippine Literary
History from Pre-
Colonial to the
Contemporary
 What do you know about the
different Literary Periods in
Philippine Literature?

 What are the essential

elements of the literary pieces
under different periods of
literature?

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
1565 1566 1872- 1898 1946 1946 1970- 1981 1886 2001-
- 1898 - - - 1980 - - prese
1871 1945 1945 1970 1885 1999 nt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A. Japanese Period
B. Rebirth of Freedom
C. Post EDSA
D. American Period
E. Pre-Colonial Period
F. 21st Century
G. Spanish
H. Period of Enlightenment
I. Period of Activism & New Society
J. Period of Literature
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O R G A N I C S
in English
C O M PA N Y
PRE - COLONIAL
LITERATURE
is characterized by:

Folktales
The Epic Age
Folksongs

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 Folk tales
These are made up of stories
about life, adventure,
love, horror, and humor where
one can derive lessons.

Example: THE MOON AND THE SUN

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
 The Epic Age
Epics are long narrative poems in
which a series of
heroic achievements or events,
usually of a hero, are dealt with
at length.

Example: Biag ni Lam-Ang (Life of Lam-

Ang)
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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
 Folk Songs
These are one of the oldest forms of
Philippine literature that emerged in
the pre-Spanish period. These songs
mirrored the early forms of culture.
Many of these have 12 syllables.
Examples: Kundiman, Kumintang o
Tagumpay, Ang Dalit o Imno, Ang
Oyayi o Hele, Diana, Soliraning and
Talindaw
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Folk Songs

It manifests the artistic feelings of

the Filipinos and shows their innate
appreciation for and love of beauty.
The examples are Leron-Leron
Sinta, Pamulinawen, Dandansoy,
Sarong Banggi, and Atin Cu Pung
Sing-sing.

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
» Folksongs
- songs that originate in traditional popular culture or that
are written in such a style, often repetitive, echoing and
moralistic

- most of the songs were lullabies or about the day-to-day

experiences in life

- the common theme is love, despair, grief, doubt, joy,

hope, and sorrow
- In Luzon, while farmers plant rice, they sang “Magtanim
ay Di Biro”, in Visayas, a parting song “Dadansoy”, is sung
when a lover has to leave, and in Mindanao, a prayer song
“Manuvu”, is sung by the farmers to seek God’s assistance
to have bountiful harvest
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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
 Other literatures:

» Proverbs or Sayings
- contains words of wisdom
which are handed down from
one generation to another

- talks about prescribed forms of

conduct or statements
concerning accepted
behaviour.

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
Do not do unto your fellow
men what you do not wish
done to you.
Tagalog Cebuano
Ang masama sa iyo, Dili mo pagpuhaton ngato sa uban
Huwag mong gawin sa kapwa mo. Ang alang kanimo dautan

Bicol Ilocano
Kung ano ang maraot sa imo, Saan mo aramiden iti padam a tao
Dai mo gibuhon sa iba. Ti di ca cayat a maaramid kenca
 A stitch in time saves
time.

Pangasinense
No agmo labay ya pagawad sica,
Daig ng maagap ang Do not put off for
Agmo gagaween edkaparam a too masipag. tomorrow what you
can do today.

Ivatan
Parinen mo ava du capayengay mo
The early bird catches
Ato u ichasekej mo aparinem dimo the worm.
» Riddles
- are a type of literary output
which call for the audience to
guess the thing being
described.
- questions or statements
intentionally phrased so as to Examples:

require ingenuity in May binti walang hita , may tuktok

ascertaining its answer or walang mukha .
(mushroom)

meaning, typically presented Heto na si Kaka, bubuka-bukaka

as a game. (scissor)

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
Riddles of Three Linguistic Groups
Describing the Same Object
Visayan Taas ug puti nga babaye A tall white lady
Nag ka-on sa iyang lawas Eating her own body

Ilocano Haan nga tau, Not human nor animal

Haan nga hayup, Yet tears flow from its
Agtedtedted ti luwa na. eyes

Ibanag Sinni pano y tadday nga babay Who can that lovely
Kanan na baggi na a maguroray lady be,
Who eats her own
body?
» Myths
- stories that tell us about an
explanation of the origin of
things but often involve
gods, goddesses, and other
mythological characters.

Example:
- are often imaginative The creation
explanations of natural
occurrences.

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
» Legends
- type of a prose which tells the origin of a
thing, a place, location, or a name of a certain
place or thing

- explain the origin of all kinds of things:

geographical features like mountains,
volcanoes, lakes, rivers, waterfalls, caves, and
rock formation Example:
Odyssey
- also explain how animals like monkey, rice
bird, or plants, flowers and fruits came to be

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
» Fables
- are fictitious stories using animals or
inanimate things as characters, these
characters speak and act like people

- often, these stories show the

cleverness of one animal and the
foolishness of another and give us Example:
moral. The Lion and
The Mouse

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
SPANISH COLONIAL
PERIOD

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
 Understanding Literary History
Literature in this period may be classified as
religious prose and poetry and secular
prose and poetry.

• Spanish Influences On Philippine Literature

The first Filipino alphabet, called ALIBATA, was
replaced by the Roman alphabet. Also, the
teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the
basis of religious practices. European legends
and traditions brought here became assimilated
in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
• Recreational Plays
There were many recreational plays performed
by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all
of them were in a poetic form such Cenaculo,
Panunuluyan, Salubong and Zarzuela.

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
PERIOD OF
ENLIGHTENMEN
T (1972- 1898)

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
The Propaganda Movement (1872-
1896)
- This movement was spearheaded
mostly by the intellectual middle-
class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del
Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena,
Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose
Ma. Panganiban, and Pedro
Paterno.
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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
Some of Rizal’s writings:

- Noli Me Tangere
- Mi Ultimo Adios
- Sobre La Indolencia Delos Filipinos
- Filipinas Dentro De Cien Aňos

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
Some of Del Pilar’s writings:

- Pagibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love

of Country)
- Kaingat Kayo (Be Careful)
- Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers
and Jokes).

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
Some of Jaena’s writings:

- Ang Fray Botod

- La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of the Friar)
- Everything Is Hambug (Everything is mere
show)
- Sa Mga Pilipino...1891)
- Talumpating Pagunita Kay Kolumbus (An
Oration to Commemorate Columbus)

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
THE AMERICAN
REGIME
(1898-1944)

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
Characteristics of Literature during this
period:

The languages used in writing were Spanish

and Tagalog and the dialects of the different
regions. But the writers in Tagalog, continued
in their lamentations on the conditions of the
country and their attempts to arouse love for
one’s native tongue and the writers in English
imitated the themes and methods of the
Americans.

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
THE JAPANESE
PERIOD
(1941-1945)

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
Filipino Poetry during this period

The common theme of most poems

during the Japanese occupation was
nationalism, country, love, and life
in the barrios, faith, religion, and
the arts.

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
Three types of poems emerged during this
period:

a. Haiku , a poem of free verse that the

Japanese like. It was made up of 17
syllables divided into three lines
b. Tanaga – like the Haiku, is short, but it had
measure and rhyme.
c. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)

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PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
IN ENGLISH
(1941-1945)

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
 Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by
the Japanese in the writing and publishing of
works in English, Philippine literature in English
experienced a dark period. For the first twenty
years, many books were published both in
Filipino and in English.
In the New Filipino Literature, Philippine
literature in Tagalog was revived during this
period. Most themes in the writings dealt with
Japanese brutalities, the poverty of life under
the Japanese government, and the brave guerilla
exploits.

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
PERIOD OF
ACTIVISM
(1970-1972)

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 According to Pociano Pineda, youth
activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic and
worldwide causes. Because of the ills of
society, the youth moved to seek reforms.

The Literary Revolution

The youth became vocal with their
sentiments. They demanded a change in the
government. It was manifested in the bloody
demonstrations and the sidewalk expressions
and also in literature.
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PERIOD OF
THE NEW
SOCIETY (1972-
1980)

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 The period of the New Society started on
September 21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca Awards
continued to give annual awards. Poems dealt
with patience, regard for native culture,
customs, and the beauties of nature and
surroundings. Newspapers donned new forms.

News on economic progress, discipline,

culture, tourism, and the like were favored more
than the sensationalized reporting of killings,
rape, and robberies. Filipinos before were
hooked in reading magazines and comics.

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
PERIOD OF
THE THIRD
REPUBLIC
(1981-1985)

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 After ten years of military rule and some
changes in the life of the Filipino, which
started under the New Society, Martial Rule
was at last lifted on January 2, 1981. The
Philippines became a new nation, and this,
former President Marcos called “The New
Republic of the Philippines.” Poems during
this period of the Third Republic were
romantic and revolutionary. Many Filipino
songs dealt with themes that were true-to-
life like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for
freedom, love of God, of country and
fellowmen.
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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
POST-EDSA 1
REVOLUTION
(1986-1995)

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
 History took another twist. Once more, the
Filipino people regained their independence,
which they lost twenty years ago. In four days
from February 21-25, 1986, the so-called People
Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed. In the short
span of the existence of the real Republic of the
Philippines, several changes already became
evident. It was noticed in the new Filipino songs,
newspapers, speeches, and even in the
television programs. The now crony newspapers
that enjoyed an overnight increase in circulation
were THE INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the
PEOPLE’S JOURNAL.
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21st CENTURY
PERIOD

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
 The new trends have been used and
introduced to meet the needs and tastes of
the new generation. 21st Century learners are
demanded to be ICT inclined to compete
with the style and format of writing as well.
New codes or lingos are used to add flavor in
the literary pieces produced nowadays

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
» As a grade 12 Filipino learner, in
what way you can show a sense
of adaptability to the diverse
Philippines Literary History?

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O R G A N I C S C O M PA N Y
Thank you AND SEE you Next
time!