What is Typhoid Fever?

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi

bacteria.
Typhoid fever is rare in developed countries.
It is still a serious health threat in the
developing world, especially for children.
How can I get it?

 Contaminated food and water or close contact with

an infected person cause typhoid fever.
What are the Signs and Symptoms?
(Early Signs)
 High fever , weakness
 Headache
 Stomach pain, swollen stomach
 Constipation or diarrhea
 Rashes
 Dry Cough
What are the Signs and Symptoms?
(if not treated)
 Become delirious
 Holes in the intestinal tract
 Lie motionless and exhausted with your eyes half-
closed in what's known as the typhoid state (Coma)
How will I know I have it?
Body fluid or tissue culture
 For the culture, a small sample of your blood, stool,
urine or bone marrow is placed on a special medium
that encourages the growth of bacteria.
 The culture is checked under a microscope for the
presence of typhoid bacteria. A bone marrow culture
often is the most sensitive test for Salmonella typhi .
How to Treat Typhoid Fever?
 Antibiotic therapy is the only effective treatment for typhoid fever.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), Azithromycin (Zithromax), Ceftriaxone.
Other treatments include:
 Drinking fluids. This helps prevent the dehydration that results from a
prolonged fever and diarrhea. If you're severely dehydrated, you may need
to receive fluids through a vein (intravenously).
 Surgery. If your intestines become torn, you'll need surgery to repair the
hole.
How to prevent it?

 Safe drinking water, improved sanitation and adequate

medical care can help prevent and control typhoid
fever.

 A vaccine is recommended if you live in or are

traveling to areas where the risk of getting typhoid
fever is high.
What can I do?

 Wash your hands.

Avoid drinking untreated water. 
Avoid raw fruits and vegetables.
Choose hot foods.