Introduction to

Linguistics
F I K R IA N I A . O . , S .S . , M . H U M
WHAT IS LINGUISTICS?

Linguistics is the scientific

study of language and its
structure, including the study
of morphology, syntax,
phonetics, and semantics.
 Major Subfield of Linguistics

• Anthropological of • Psycholinguistics
Linguistics
• Phonetics & Phonology
• Applied Linguistics
• Morphology
• Historical Linguistics
• Syntax
• Sociolinguistics
• Semantics
• Neurolinguistics
• Pragmatics
 WHAT IS PHONETICS?

• Phonetics is the study of human

speech sounds.
• Phonetics is the branch of linguistics
that deals with the sounds of speech
and their production, combination,
description, and representation by
written symbols.
PHONOLOGY
• Phonology is the study of how
sounds are organized and used in
natural languages.
 Comparison:
PHONOLOGY AND Phonetics
• Phonetics
- Is the basis for phonological analysis.
- Analyzes the production of all human speech sounds,
regardless of language.

• Phonology
- Is the basis for further work in morphology, syntax,
discourse, and orthography design.
- Analyzes the sound patterns of a particular language by
determining which phonetic sounds are significant, and
explaining how these sounds are interpreted by the native
speaker.
PHONEME
A phoneme is the smallest
contrastive unit in the sound system
of a language.

PHONEME IS NOT LETTER

• Phonologists have differing views of the
phoneme. Following are the two major views
considered here:
In the American structuralist tradition, a
phoneme is defined according to
its allophones and environments.
In the generative tradition, a phoneme is
defined as a set of distinctive features.
 Let’s Compare Indonesian and
English Phoneme
• English Phoneme
 Vowel: 20
 Consonant: 25
• Indonesian phoneme
Vowel: ?
Consonant: ?
 1st Assigment
Resume:
Phonetics & Phonology on a
sheet of paper
Submission day:
15 March 2014
th
Thank you for your attention
S EE Y O U N EX T WE EK