Course Content

RRM Overview
Power Control
Load Control
Recapitulation /
Admission Control Central Aspects of
Packet Scheduling RANPAR1
Handover Control
HSDPA RRM & parameters
HSUPA RRM & parameters
HSPA+ features & parameters

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

Power Control:
Module Objectives

At the end of the module you will be able to:

Explain the Power Control mechanism used in UMTS/HSPA

Explain the open loop power control OLPC &
describe the related RAN parameters.
Describe outer loop & closed loop power control (both in UL & DL) and the relationship
between them

2 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

Power Control

Channel mapping
Rel. 99 DL Common Channel Power Setting Recapitulation /
Open Loop Power Control Central Aspects of
Closed / Outer Loop Power Control RANPAR1

3 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

Channel Mapping DL (Network Point of View)
Logical Transport Physical
Channels Channels Channels

P-CPICH

BCCH BCH P-CCPCH

PCCH PCH S-CCPCH

PICH Fixed
Power
AICH
CCCH
FACH P/S-SCH
E-HICH*
CTCH
E-AGCH/E-RGCH*
DCCH HS- HS-PDSCH**
DSCH HS-SCCH
DTCH DCH DPDCH Power
Control
DPCCH
* Power Control with RAN971 HSUPA DL Physical Channel Power Control
** Dynamic HS-PDSCH power allocation

4 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1 High Speed Cell_FACH DL

Channel Mapping UL (Network Point of View)
Logical Transport Physical
Channels Channels Channels

Open
CCCH RACH PRACH Loop
Power
Control

DCCH
E-DPDCH
E-DPCCH
E-DCH Power
HS-DPCCH Control
DTCH DCH DPDCH
DPCCH

High Speed Cell_FACH

5 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

Power Control
• Channel mapping
• Power Setting for DL Common Channel
• Open Loop Power Control
• Fast Closed Loop Power Control
• Outer Loop Power Control
• Optional: DL Power balancing

6 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

DL Common Control Channel

• DL Common control channels must be heard over the whole cell, thus their power setting is

designed for “cell edge”.

• Rel. 99 DL Common Channels do not have a power control.
• The power of the common physical channels are set relative to the CPICH
Default parameter value Power value
PtxSecSCH -3 dB 30 dBm
PtxPrimaryCCPCH -5 dB 28 dBm
PtxSCCPCH 1 (SF=64) 0 dB 33 dBm
PtxSCCPCH 2 (SF=256) -5 dB 28 dBm
PtxSCCPCH 3 (SF=128) -2 dB 31 dBm
PtxPICH -8 dB 25 dBm
PtxAICH -8 dB 25 dBm
PtxOffsetEAGCH -5 dB 28 dBm
PtxOffsetERGCH -11 dB 22 dBm

7 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

Power Control
• Channel Mapping
• Power Setting for DL Common Channel
• Open Loop Power Control
• Fast Closed Loop Power Control
• Outer Loop Power Control
• Optional: DL Power balancing

8 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

Power Control types

Open Loop Power Control

(Initial Access – PRACH Access)

MS

(Fast) Closed Loop Power Control

BS UL Outer Loop RNC

Power Control
DL Outer Loop
Power Control
BLER target

9 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

Power control during the call setup

DL:
DL: Ack on
FACH
AICH
Ptx UL: Power
ramp-up Initial power
of DPCH
UL: First RACH
Preamble
power Pp  m
P0 UL: RACH
data

Time
PRACH Open
Loop PC DPCH Open CL & OL PC
Loop PC
CL: Closed Loop
OL: Outer Loop

10 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

PRACH Open Loop PC
• Purpose: To set the initial transmitted power of PRACH UL. PRACHRequiredReceivedCI
• UE determines the UL preamble power of PRACH WCEL: -35..-10; 1; -25 dB
(Range, Steps; Default)
• UE PRACH First Preamble Power =

Path loss Transmission power of CPICH (Broadcast on BCH, SIB 5)) -

calculations DL RSCP measurement from active cell on CPICH (Measured by UE) +

Minimum Total received wideband interference power at WCDMA BTS (Broadcast on BCH, SIB 7) +
received
power at BTS PRACH Required Received C/I at the WCDMA BTS (Broadcast on BCH, SIB 5)

• Open loop PC is a part of the random access procedure for PRACH channel
• For the accuracy of the UE Open Loop measurement, it is safest to start from a low power and increase it gradually
until the acquisition is received.
PRACHRequiredReceivedCI:
• WCEL: range: -35..-10 dB; steps: 1.0 dB; default: -25 dB
• This UL required received C/I value is used by the UE to calculate the initial output power on PRACH
according to the Open Loop Power Control procedure.
• If the value is too low then the RACH preamble ramping up takes a too long time. If it is too high, then it may
cause blocking or high noise rise at BTS since the UE measurement on RSCP code power has a poor
accuracy.
• This parameter can impact on the RACH coverage.

11 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

Random Access Procedure

1 access slot
AICH Acq.
D access Ind.

L slots RX at
UE
tp-a
Pp-m

PRACH P0 Pre- Message

U access Pre-
amble
amble part
L slots TX at
UE
tp-p tp-m
TS 25.211:
Preamble-to-Preamble distance p-p  p-p,min = 6 / 8 Slots Broadcasted by P-CCPCH; NSN
Preamble-to-AI distance p-a = 3 / 4 Slots (WCEL):
AICHTraTime = 0, 1; 0
Preamble-to-Message distance p-m = 6 / 8 Slots

12 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

13 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1
 Random Access Procedure

PowerOffset
Downlink / BS LastPreamble
PRACHmessage
WCEL:
UEtxPowerMaxPRACH -5..10; 1; -3 dB
WCEL: -50..33; 1; 21 dBm

…. ….
Uplink / UE
Preamble 1 Preamble n
Message part
PowerRampStep
PRACHpreamble PRACH_preamble_retrans
PRACH_preamble_retrans:
WCEL: 1..8; 1; 3 dB The maximum number of preambles WCEL: 1..64; 1; 8
allowed in 1 preamble ramping cycle

RACH_tx_Max: # of preamble power RACH_tx_Max

ramping cycles that can be done
before RACH transmission failure is WCEL: 1..32; 1; 4
reported, (Range, Steps; Default)

14 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

Power Control
• Channel Mapping
• Power Setting for DL Common Channel
• Open Loop Power Control
• Fast Closed Loop Power Control
• Outer Loop Power Control
• Optional: DL Power balancing

15 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

Fast closed loop power control

20
• The closed loop power control
scheme is fast enough to follow Channel
multipath fading for a wide range of
15 Transmitted power
Received power
mobile speeds 10
• Received Eb/No can be kept stable

Relative power (dB)

but on the other hand transmitted 5
power is peaky
• => Received Eb/No can be kept 0
low in spite of multipath fading,
but fading margin must be added -5
to transmitted powers
-10

-15

-20
0 200 400 600 800
Time (ms)

16 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

UL Closed loop power control
MS BS

• UL fast closed loop PC shall be active as soon as UL DPCCH

the frame synchronization has been established in

the dedicated physical channels. Measure received SIR on UL DPCCH Pilot

• PC frequency 1500 Hz
• PC step 1dB
Compare measured SIR with
• PC delay approx. one slot SIR target value received from
UL outer loop PC
• In Soft(er) HO power is increased only, if all
(reliable) TPC bits are 1

Measured SIR < SIR target --> TPC bit = '1'

Measured SIR => SIR target --> TPC bit = '0'

Send TPC bit on DL DPCCH

MS sets the power on UL DPCCH

and UL DPDCH on following way:
TPC = '1' --> increase power by 1 dB
TPC = '0' --> decrease power by 1 dB

Changed power on UL DPCCH

17 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

UL PC Algorithm

• UE adjusts the DPCCH power by DDPCCH = DTPC  TPC_cmd.

• Power control step size DTPC is fixed to 1 dB in NSN RAN

• When a UE is not in soft(er) handover, only 1 TPC command will be received in each slot.

In this case, the value of TPC_cmd shall be derived as follows:

- If the received TPC command is equal to 0, then TPC_cmd for that slot is –1.
- If the received TPC command is equal to 1, then TPC_cmd for that slot is 1.
 Every TS 1 dB up or down

• If the UE is in Soft(er) handover:

• UE measures SIR for all the cells in the active set
• if SIR is sufficiently large, the TPC is considered reliable
• if only one of the reliable TPC bits is 0, the UE transmission power is decreased
• only if all reliable TPC are 1 the power in increased

18 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

 DL Fast Closed Loop PC: UTRAN behaviour
UE WCDMA BTS • Upon receiving the TPC commands BS adjusts its
DL DPCCH + DPDCHs DL DPCCH/DPDCH power accordingly.
• UTRAN shall estimate the transmitted TPC
Measure received SIR on DL DPCCH command TPCest to be 0 or 1, and shall update the
power every slot.
Compare measured SIR with SIR target
value received from DL outer loop PC
• After estimating the k:th TPC command, UTRAN
shall adjust the current DL power P(k-1) [dB] to a
Measured SIR < SIR target --> TPC command is "1" new power P(k) [dB] according to the following
Measured SIR => SIR target --> TPC command is "0"
formula:
Send TPC command on UL DPCCH
P(k) = P(k - 1) + PTPC(k) + Pbal(k)
BS sets the power on DL DPCCH and
DL DPDCH following way:
where
TPC command = "1" --> increase power by 1 dB PTPC(k) is the k:th power adjustment due to the
TPC command = "0" --> decrease power by 1 dB
inner loop power control
Changed power on DL DPCCH + DPDCHs
Pbal(k) is the k:th power correction due to Power
balancing procedure DownlinkInnerLoop
PCStepSize
DownlinkInnerLoopPCStepSize RNAC: 0.5..2; 0.5; 1 dB
(Range, Steps; Default)
19 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1
Gain of Fast Power Control PC
• Speech performance FER= 1% (8kbps 10ms interleaving) with 2 branch receiver antenna
diversity in UL
• Slow PC = no PC in simulations = correct average power

Slow power control Fast 1.5kHz power Gain from fast

control power control
Transmitted
ITU Pedestrian A 3 km/h 11.3dBm 7.7dBm 3.6dB
power
ITU Vehicular A 3 km/h 8.5dBm 7.5dBm 1.0dB
ITU Vehicular A 50 km/h 6.8dBm 7.6dBm -0.8dB

• The gain from the fast PC is larger for low mobile speeds than for high mobile speeds in
received powers than in transmitted powers if only little multipath diversity is available
• the less diversity there are, the higher is the average Tx power.
• Fast PC allows to reduce Eb/No values by reducing fading effects
• The drawback of the fast PC algorithm is a rise of average TX power

20 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

Power Control
• Channel Mapping
• Power Setting for DL Common Channel
• Open Loop Power Control
• Fast Closed Loop Power Control
• Outer Loop Power Control

21 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

Outer Loop Power Control

BS RNC

DL Outer Loop
Power Control
UL Outer Loop Power Control

• Outer PC loop is performed to adjust the TARGET SIR in BS/UE, according to the
needs of individual radio link. Required SIR depends on
• UE speed
• Changes in the propagation conditions
• Available multipath diversity
• UE power control dynamics (close to peak power)
• SHO branches (Macro Diversity Combining)
• SIR is constantly adjusted in order to maintain a constant QUALITY, usually defined
as a certain BLER target of the transport channel
• BLER is measured for each transport channel separately

22 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

UL OLPC

• In the RNC the functionality of the UL outer loop PC

RNC UL Outer Loop PC
is divided into two parts:
UL Outer Loop PC
Controller - UL outer loop PC Controller, one for each RRC
connection
- UL outer loop PC Entities, one for each
UL Outer UL Outer transport channel multiplexed in the same RL
Loop PC Loop PC
Entity #1 Entity #N

BTS 1 BTS 2
UL Fast UL Fast
Closed Closed
Loop PC Loop PC

23 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1

UL OLPC Entities & Controller

• There is one UL outer loop PC Entity for each

RNC UL Outer Loop PC transport channel in the RNC.
UL Outer Loop PC • This UL OLPC Entity calculates the required
Controller change in SIR Target according to UL quality
estimates (CRC).
• One of UL OLPC Entities under the same radio
UL Outer UL Outer link is selected to transmit the New SIR Target
Loop PC
Entity #1
Loop PC
Entity #N
to the WCDMA BTS.

• An UL Outer Loop PC Controller controls all

UL OLPC Entities under the same RRC
connection.
• The UL OLPC Controller sets the parameters
for each UL OL PC Entities at the RAB
BTS 1 BTS 2 Setup/Modification.
UL Fast UL Fast
• The UL OLPC Controller also combines SIR
Closed Closed Target changes from the UL OLPC Entities and
Loop PC Loop PC
sends the result to the UL OLPC Entity, which is
selected to transmit it to the WCDMA BTS.

24 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31642EN40GLA1