can / can’t / could / couldn’t

We use can / can’t to talk about present abilities:

I can read English, but I can’t speak it.

subject can not

can
verb
 can / can’t / could / couldn’t
We use can / can’t to talk about present abilities:

He can read English, but he can’t speak it.

subject
can
verb
 can / can’t / could / couldn’t
We use could / couldn’t to talk about past abilities:

When I was young, I could dance, but I couldn’t sing.

subject
could could not
verb
 can / can’t / could / couldn’t
We use could / couldn’t to talk about past abilities:

When she was young, she could dance, but she couldn’t sing.

subject
could could not
verb
can / can’t / could / couldn’t
To make questions we put can / could before the subject.

Can you run fast?

Yes, I can.
can

subject
No, I can’t.
verb
can / can’t / could / couldn’t
To make questions we put can / could before the subject.

Could you run fast?

Yes, I could.
could

subject
No, I couldn’t.
verb
 can / can’t / could / couldn’t
+ -
1 / he I she I it I you I Present I can run fast. They cent run fast.
-- -
we /they Past He could run fast. We cautdn't run fast.
- - -

Yes/No questions Short answers

Yes, I can.
Present Can you run fast?
1 / he I she I it I No, I cetü.
you/they
we I Ye I
Pas Could run s,
t you fast?
No, Icould.
coukin't.
 have to / don’t have to
We use have to + infinitive to talk about things we need to do

I have to drink a lot of water when I go running.

have to

verb
(infinitiv
e)
 have to / don’t have to
We use have to + infinitive to talk about things we need to do

She has to get up at six every day.

has to

verb
(infinitiv
e)
 have to / don’t have to
We can use have to to talk about rules:

We have to take off our shoes before we go inside.

have to

verb
(infinitiv
e)
 have to / don’t have to
We can use have to to talk about rules:

We have to get to school by nine.

have to

verb
(infinitiv
e)
 have to / don’t have to
don’t have to means we don’t need to do something.

I don’t have to pay for my lunch at work. (My lunch is free.)

do not have to

verb
(infinitiv
e)
 have to / don’t have to
don’t have to means we don’t need to do something.

Our teacher doesn’t have to wear a suit. (There is no rule.)

does not have to

verb
(infinitiv
e)
have to / don’t have to.
 have to / don’t have to
+ -
1 / you I we I have to have
I I don't
they to
work hard. work hard.

he I she I it
has to work
She
have to
He doesn't
hard. work hard.

Yes/No questions Short answers

Ooyou
1 / you I we I have to Yes, Ido.
they work hard? No, I don't.
have to Yes, he does.
he I she I it Does he work hard? No, he doesn't
.
Match the words in the box with the parts of the
body in the picture.

leg back foot head neck •

stomach arm hand finger toe