CHY42 ACT.

Aldehydes

and Ketones
 Theory

Aldehydes and ketones are compounds containing

carbonyl group. Carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom
bonded to oxygen atom by a double bond. The carbon
contains a partial positive charge (δ+) and the oxygen
contains a partial negative charge (δ−). Because of the
greater electronegativity of oxygen, the carbonyl group is
polar, and aldehydes and ketones have larger molecular
dipole moments than alkenes
 Confirmatory Tests for
Aldehydes and Ketones

1. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine test (2,4-DNP test) 2,4-

dinitrophenylhydrazine can be used to qualitatively detect
the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone. A positive
result is indicated by the formation of a yellow or orange-
red precipitate of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone
 2. Sodium bisulphite test

Most aldehydes and ketones give bisulphite addition

product with sodium bisulphite, which is white crystalline
in nature.
Differentiating Tests for
Aldehydes

Most aldehydes and ketones give bisulphite addition

product with sodium bisulphite, which is white crystalline
in nature.
 2. Sodium bisulphite test

Most aldehydes and ketones give bisulphite addition

product with sodium bisulphite, which is white crystalline
in nature.