SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

& ITS DESIGN PRACTICES

Presented by:
REVATHI. M [Reg no:39130372]
Degree:
B.E
Branch:
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Batch: (2019-2023)
INTERNSHIP DURATION:

From: 21st July

To: 05th August
Duration: 15 days
Industry name: VATIO
Energy India Pvt Ltd
Mode: Online
INTRODUCTION:

What is Solar Energy System?

Solar energy is the energy obtained by capturing heat and light from the Sun. Energy from
the Sun is referred to as solar energy. It is considered a green technology because it does not emit
greenhouse gases. Solar energy is abundantly available and has been utilized since long both as
electricity and as a source of heat.
The process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage) is
called the solar photovoltaic (PV) effect. Photovoltaic solar cells convert
sunlight directly into solar power (electricity). They use thin layers of
semi-conducting material that is charged differently between the
top and bottom layers.
THERMAL POWER CAPACITY OF INDIA:

Thermal power describes how fast heat is produced. For most energy systems such as a
gasoline engine, thermal power is how fast fuel is converted into heat.

As of April 2021, India has a total Thermal installed capacity of 234 GW, of which 53% of
the thermal power is obtained from coal and the rest from Lignite, Diesel, and Gas. The
private sector generates 47.4% of India's thermal power whereas States and Centre
generate 27.1% and 25.5% respectively.
SOLAR PV PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY:

 Photovoltaic (PV) materials and devices convert sunlight into electrical energy. ... To boost
the power output of PV cells, they are connected together in chains to form larger units
known as modules or panels.
 PV solar panels generate direct current (DC) electricity. With DC electricity, electrons flow
in one direction around a circuit. ... With AC (alternating current) electricity, electrons are
pushed and pulled, periodically reversing direction, much like the cylinder of a car's engine.
What is solar technology?
Solar technologies convert sunlight into electrical energy
either through photovoltaic (PV) panels or through mirrors
that concentrate solar radiation. This energy can be used to generate
electricity or be stored in batteries or thermal storage.
PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT:

 the appearance of a potential difference (voltage) between two layers of a

semiconductor slice in which the conductivities are opposite, or between a
semiconductor and a metal, under the effect of a light stream.

How does photovoltaic effect work?

A photovoltaic cell is made of semiconductor material

that absorb the photons emitted by the sun and generate a
flow of electrons. ... When the photons strike a semiconductor
material like silicon. Silicon is a semi-conducting material. , they
release the electrons from its atoms, leaving behind a vacant
space
 ENERGY RESOURCES:

 An energy resource is something that can produce heat, power life, move
objects, or produce electricity. Matter that stores energy is called a fuel.
Human energy consumption has grown steadily .
 World energy resources are the estimated maximum capacity for energy
production given all available resources on Earth. They can be divided by
type into fossil fuel, nuclear fuel and renewable resources.

What are the types of Energy Resources?

1. Renewable Energy
2. Non Renewable Energy
FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD GENERATION OF
SOLAR CELLS:
SOLAR INVERTERS:

 A solar inverter is one of the most important elements of the

solar electric power system. It converts the variable direct current
(DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into alternating 240V
current (AC). 
 There are three types of solar inverters available to
homeowners. These types are string (or central) inverters, power
optimizers + inverter, and micro inverters.
Can we use solar inverter without battery?

 Yes......Solar Panel Installation Without Battery Power As A Backup

System. A hybrid solar inverter can work without batteries. ... The
energy produced by the solar panels is directed to the house for use and
they do not need to produce all the electricity to run an entire household
as shortfalls can be made up from the power grid.
SOLAR BATTERIES:

  Solar batteries are used to store solar energy (solar electricity) and discharge power as and
when needed. Rechargeable solar batteries are used in off-grid PV systems to store excess
electricity. Some solar battery banks use wet cells, while others use sealed or gel cell batteries.
What do solar batteries do?

 Solar batteries capture excess solar power and allow for that power

to be used when it's most beneficial for the homeowner, like during an
outage or to take advantage of additional electric bill savings. Speak with one of
our Energy Advisors to see your customized solar and battery system!
ON GRID AND OFF GRID SOLAR SYSTEM:

 ON-grid solar power system is a solar power generation system where it is connected to

the utility grid. The electricity produced by the system is routed to the grid from where it is
used to run the various appliances. The installation of the same is also fuss-free and easy to
maintain.
 OFF-Grid Solar Systems are installed in situations where mains power is not available, or
the client wishes to become completely independent of the grid. All power is generated by
the solar panels; a battery bank stores excess power for use at night or when the sun is not
shining.