Energy is the ability to do work.

How do organisms get energy?

Different animals have different ways of obtaining food for energy.
Autotrophs (producers) are organisms that make their own food.
Heterotrophs feed on others.
All organisms use two types of energy-giving
molecules: glucose and ATP.
Glucose is made during photosynthesis. Plants create glucose where
chemical energy is stored in a concentrated and stable form.
ATP is made during the first half of photosynthesis. The energy from the
ATP is release when it gives up one of its 3 phosphates: it changes from
ATP to ADP.
Photosynthesis is the most important life process on Earth.
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other
organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

More than 99% of the energy used by all living things is provided.
Photosynthetic organelle
 Thylakoids is the site of photosystem I and
photosystem ll (plastoquinone oxidoreductase).
Photosystems are groups of molecules, which include
chlorophyll, involved in photosynthesis.
Photosystems are important parts of the thylakoid
membrane. These are light-harvesting complexes.
Photosynthetic pigments in plants:
Chlorophyll and carotenoids

Chlorophyll a - C55H72O5N4Mg (C3 has methyl group)

Chlorophyll b - C55H70O6N4Mg (C3 has aldehyde group)
2 Stages of Photosynthesis

I – Light-dependent stage > directly use light energy to produce

ATP and NADPH that power the light-independent stage. Oxygen is
also release as waste product.
ll – Light-independent stage > the ATP and NADPH are used to
create glucose. Glucose and other simple sugar bonds together to
form starch, sucrose, fructose and other carbohydrates.
LIGHT – DEPENDENT PHASE
LIGHT-INDEPENDENT PHASE