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SATELLITE
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SUBSYSYTEMS
BY: MAHORO JEAN PIERRE AKOYIREMEYE JULIENNE ISHIMWE HENRIETTE MUSABYIMANA CHRISTINE UWASE M. AIMEE

Satellite Subsystems The modern satellite is an extremely complicated piece of equipment composed of more than a half-dozen major subsystems and thousands of parts. There are 2 main systems in satellite communication. 1.Communication Payload: Repeater and antenna system Provide all communications relay and processing functions. 2.Spacecraft Bus: (Power, control, and structure of the spacecraft vehicle). the vehicle that powers and protects the payload through all phases of the mission and operation

1.Propulsion subsystem The propulsion system is only partly the components that get the satellite into orbit. Other chemical or electrical motors are used to move the satellite back into the correct orbit when either atmospheric drag, magnetic fields or the solar winds deflect the satellite out of it's correct trajectory. These motors boost it back to the correct altitude, speed the satellite up, slow it down, or change the angle of the trajectory.

2.Power subsysem The Power Subsystem generates, stores, controls and distributes electrical power to the other subsystems on board. Solar panels are used in combination with batteries to provide a constant source of electrical power on the satellite. The batteries are used when the satellite is not in direct sunlight, and allows the satellite to continue to function. LEO satellites have greater need of batteries, while GEO satellites have less, as they are exposed to the sun longer.

3.Communication subsystem The communications subsystem uses transmitters, receivers or transponders (transmitter and receiver in one component). The communications subsystem handles all transmit and receive communications functions. If it is a communications satellite, this will be a heavy portion of the satellite's construction.

4.Superstructure subsystem The satellite must survive the violent forces of the rocket ride into space. The superstructure of the satellite not only supports it in space, but reduces the shock and vibration the internal components might suffer during the launch.

5.Thermal control subsystem. The whole point of the thermal system is to regulate the temperature of the satellite's components. Too hot or too cold, or too great a swing in temperature will prematurely end the useful life of a satellite. This system dissipates the heat away from earth, out into space, so as not to interfere with the satellite's operation.

6.Attitude and orbit control subsystem The satellite must face the earth at all times. The attitude and orbit control system allows the satellite to remain pointed correctly. These are often very small motors compared to the propulsion system.

7.Tracking Telemetry and Command subsystem The satellite must inform the satellite operations center what it's current state is, and where it is located in orbit. Often a simple 'beacon' system is used to allow the ground station to track the satellite in orbit. Additional information is relayed to the ground, such as the craft's operating temperature, state of it's programs and operating system, as well as a host of other internal functions.

10. ANTENNA SUBSYSTEM Antenna subsystem is also an essential component of satellite system. Basically four main type of antennas are used: these are Monopoles and dipoles (wire antennas) which are mainly used in VERY HIGH FREQUENCY AND ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY. 2.> Horn antennas are mainly used at microwave frequencies. Horns are actually used as feeds for reflector. 3.> Array antennas are actually phased array antennas which are used on satellites to form multiple beams from single aperture. 4> Reflector antennas are commonly used for earth station antennas and the most widely employed shape of it is the parabolic with a feed placed at its focus.

There are also many other subsystems like Navigation Subsystem that generates information necessary for determination of the satellite position. Processing subsystem, this control the entire satellite operations. Data storage subsystem this subsystem temporally stores the image data and housekeeping data of on board subsystems. Etc

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