SANJIVANI K. B. P.

POLYTECHNIC, KOPARGAON
With NBA ACCREDIATED programs , Approved by AICTE, New Delhi,
Recognized by Govt. of Maharashtra, Affiliated to Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai,
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institute

Department:- COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY Class:- SYCM-B

Name of Subject:- Object Oriented Programming Using C++ MSBTE Subject Code:- 22316
 Chapter 3: INHERITANCE

3.1 Introduction to Inheritance,

defining a derived class,
visibility modes and effects.

3.2 Types of Inheritance:

Single, Multilevel, Multiple,
Hierarchical and Hybrid.

3.3 Virtual Base Class,

Abstract Class, Constructors
in derived class.

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UNIT –III OUTCOMES
• 3a. Explain given type of INHERITANCE based on
its characteristics.
• 3b. Implement given type of Inheritance in C++
program.
• 3c. Write C++ program using virtual base class.
• 3d. Use Constructor in the given derived class.

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3.1 INHERITANCE REFERENCE page
• 3.1 Introduction to Inheritance-176
defining a derived class-177
visibility modes and effects-
• 3.2 TYPES- 179-200
• 3.3 Virtual Base Class- 203
Abstract Class-207
Constructors in derived class- 207
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 3.1.1
INTRODUCTION
INHERITANCE

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 Types of

INHERITANCE

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TYPES…. 1) SINGLE INHERITANCE
• Derived class with only one base class.

BASE
Class
A Direction of arrow
indicates the
direction of
inheritance

DERIVED
Class
B

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2) MULTIPLE Inheritance
• Derived class with SEVERAL BASE CLASSES is
called as multiple inheritance.

A B

c
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 2) MULTIPLE Inheritance
• Derived class with SEVERAL BASE CLASSES is
called as multiple inheritance.

Student (roll) Test(sub1,sub2)

sports
result(roll , sub1,sub2, per, hobby) (hobby)
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3) HIERARCHICAL Inheritance
• One class inherited by more than one classes.
A

B c D

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4) MULTLEVEL Inheritance
• A class derived from another derived class called
as multilevel inheritance.
A
B

c
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4) MULTLEVEL Inheritance
• A class derived from another derived class called
as multilevel inheritance.
STUDENT (roll)

TEST(sub1, sub2)
RESULT(per,sub1,sub2)
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5) HYBRID Inheritance
• Combination of more than one inheritance
A

B C

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 5) HYBRID Inheritance
• Combination of more than one inheritance
Student (roll)

class test:public student Sport(hobby)

Result(roll)
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5) HYBRID Inheritance
• Combination of more than one inheritance
class student (roll)
class test: virtual public class sport: virtual public
student student

class Result:public test, public sport

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 PROGRAM
SINGLE INHERITANCE

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 BASE class B with its functions

class B void B::get_ab()

{ { a=5; b=10;
Private:
}
int a;
public:
int B::get_a()
int b; { return a;
void get_ab(); }
int get_a(); void B::show_a()
void show_a(); { cout<<"\n a ="<<a;
};
}
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Derived class D with its functions
class D : public B void D::mul_ab()
{
int c; { c = b * get_a();
public: }
void mul_ab();
void D::show_abc()
void show_abc();
public: { cout<<"\n a="<<get_a();
int b; cout<<"\n b="<<b;
void get_ab();
int get_a(); cout<<"\n c="<<c;
void show_a(); }
};
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main() function and OUTPUT
int main()
{
D d1;
d1.get_ab();
d1.show_a();
d1.mul_ab();
d1.show_abc();

d1.b = 20;
d1.mul_ab();
d1.show_abc();
return 0;
}
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 Base and derived class with their functions

class B class D:public B

{ void D::mul_ab()
void B::get_ab() {
int a; {c = b * get_a(); }
{ a=5; b=10; } int c;
public: void D::show_abc()
int B::get_a() public:
int b; { cout<<“a="<<get_a()
{ return a; } void mul_ab();
void get_ab(); cout<<"\n b="<<b;
int get_a(); void B::show_a() void
cout<<"\n c="<<c;
{ cout<<a; } show_abc();
void show_a(); }
}; };
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SI: ONLY FUNCTIONS with main function
: D1 ACCESSING ALL FUNCTIONS
int main()
void B::get_ab() void D::mul_ab() {
{ a=5; b=10; } {c = b * get_a(); } D d1;
d1.get_ab();
int B::get_a() void D::show_abc() d1.show_a();
{ return a; } { cout<<“a="<<get_a(); d1.mul_ab();
d1.show_abc();
void B::show_a() cout<<"\n b="<<b;
{ cout<<a; } cout<<"\n c="<<c; d1.b = 20;
d1.mul_ab();
} d1.show_abc();
return 0;
}
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:SI…d1 accessing b => d1.b = 20;
int main()
{
D d1;
d1.get_ab();
d1.show_a();
d1.b = 20;  As b is the public member of class B is also inherited as a
public member in D
And accessible with the help of object of class D as well
=>d1 object of class D, have access to all the public members of class B
d1.mul_ab();
d1.show_abc();
return 0;
}
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 d1 accessing private member var a of class
B through function get_a()
void get_a() int main()
{
{ return a; }
D d1;
d1.get_ab();
void mul_ab() d1.show_a();
d1.mul_ab();
{c = b * get_a(); }
d1.show_abc();

void D:: d1.b = 20;

{ cout<<“a=show_abc()"<<get_a(); d1.mul_ab();
d1.show_abc();
cout<<"\n b="<<b <<“\n c=”<<c; return 0;
} }
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class D:public B
1) private data a is not inherited
2) data b of B inherited public
getab(), geta() show_a()
inherited from B because public
remains in pulic section in D
3) class D’s own private data c
4) D’s functions mul(), display()
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Lets derive class D from B In private mode…

class D:private B
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 :SI .. Private derivation ERRORS
int main()
{ D d1;
'void B::get_ab()' is inaccessible
//d1.get_ab(); 'void B::show_a()' is inaccessible
//d1.show_a();
d1.mul_ab();
d1.show_abc(); 'int B::b' is inaccessible
// d1.b = 20;
d1.mul_ab();
d1.show_abc();
return 0;
} Sanjivani K.B.P. Polytechnic, Kopargaon Department
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:SI .. Base class B
#include <iostream> void B::get_ab()
using namespace std;
class B
{ a=5; b=10; }
{ int B::get_a()
int a;
public: { return a; }
int b;
int get_a(); void B::show_a()
void get_ab();
void show_a();
{ cout<<"\n a ="<<a; }
};
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:SI .. private derivation….. derived class D
class D:private B void D::mul_ab()
{
{ get_ab();
int c; c = b * get_a();
}
public: void D::show_abc()
void mul_ab(); { cout<<"\n a="<<get_a();
cout<<"\n b="<<b;
void show_abc(); cout<<"\n c="<<c;
}; }
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:SI .. Private derivation main() and OUTPUT

int main()
{
D d1;
//d1.get_ab(); // wont work after deriving became private of D so its object cant access
//d1.show_a(); // wont work after deriving became private member of D so its object cant access
d1.mul_ab();
d1.show_abc();

// d1.b = 20; // b of B become private in D as D derived in private mode… so d1 cant access b

d1.mul_ab();
d1.show_abc();
return 0;
}

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:SI .. Private derivation ONLY FUNCTIONS…

void B::get_ab() void D::mul_ab()

int main()
{
{ a=5; b=10; } get_ab();
{
D d1;
int B::get_a() c = b * get_a(); //d1.get_ab();
//d1.show_a();
{ return a; } }
d1.mul_ab();
void D::show_abc()
void d1.show_abc();
{ cout<<"\n
B::show_a() a="<<get_a(); // d1.b = 20;
{ cout<<"\n a cout<<"\n b="<<b; d1.mul_ab();
d1.show_abc();
="<<a; } cout<<"\n c="<<c; return 0;
} }

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 :SI .. Private derivation WHOLE PROGRAM
#include <iostream> void B::get_ab() void D::mul_ab() int main()
using namespace { a=5; b=10; }
std; int B::get_a()
{ {
D d1;
class B { return a; } get_ab();
//d1.get_ab();
{ void B::show_a() c = b * get_a(); //d1.show_a();
int a; { cout<<"\n a ="<<a; }
} d1.mul_ab();
public: d1.show_abc();
class D:private B void D::show_abc()
int b;
int get_a();
{ { cout<<"\n // d1.b = 20;
void get_ab();
int c; a="<<get_a(); d1.mul_ab();
public:
void show_a(); cout<<"\n b="<<b; d1.show_abc();
void mul_ab(); return 0;
void show_abc(); cout<<"\n c="<<c;
}
}; }; }
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class D:private B
1) private data a is not inherited
2) data b of B inherited it is public
and becomes private in D
3) getab(), geta() show_a() of B
inherited from B because public
and becomes private in D
3) c=> class D’s own private data c
4) D’s functions mul(), display()
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class D:public B class D:private B

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Lets derive class D from B In protected mode

class D:protected B
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PROTECTED MODE?

1) Member declared as Protected are accessible

by the member functions within its class
2) and to any class immediately derived from it.
3) It cannot be accessed by the functions outside
these two classes.

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:SI .. Base class B with protected members
#include <iostream> void B::get_ab()
using namespace std;
class B
{ a=5; b=10; }
{ int B::get_a()
private: int a;
protected: int b; { return a; }
public:
int get_a(); void B::show_a()
void get_ab();
void show_a();
{ cout<<"\n a ="<<a; }
};
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 Base and derived class with their functions

class B class D:protected

{ B void D::mul_ab()
void B::get_ab()
private: int a; { {c = b * get_a(); }
{ a=5; b=10; }
protected: int b int c; void D::show_abc()
int B::get_a() public:
public: { cout<<“a="<<get_a()
{ return a; } void mul_ab();
void get_ab(); cout<<"\n b="<<b;
int get_a(); void B::show_a() void show_abc();
cout<<"\n c="<<c;
void show_a(); { cout<<a; } }; }
};
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 d1 of D accessing protected members of B

void get_a() int main()

{
{ return a; }
D d1;
d1.get_ab();
void mul_ab() d1.show_a();
d1.mul_ab();
{c = b * get_a(); }
d1.show_abc();

void D:: d1.b = 20;

{ cout<<“a=show_abc()"<<get_a(); d1.mul_ab();
d1.show_abc();
cout<<"\n b="<<b <<“\n c=”<<c; return 0;
} }
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Sanjivani K.B.P. Polytechnic, Kopargaon Department
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 class D:public B
class B {
{ not inherited
private: int a;
protected: int b;
protected: int b;
public: int c; public: int c;
} }
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 class D:private B
class B {
{ not inherited
private: int a;
protected: int b;
private: int b;
public: int c; private: int c;
} }
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 class D:protected B
class B {
{ not inherited
private: int a;
protected: int b;
protected: int b;
public: int c; protected: int c;
} }
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 WHO CAN ACCESS THESE DATA
1) Member function: of a derived class.
2) Friend class function: A function that is friend of a class.
=> can access private data as well.
3) Friend function- Member function of a class that is a
friend of the class.
Class B=> ITS FRIEND and MEMBER function can access
private and protected data.
Class D=> Member function of derived class can access only
protected data of base class but not private data.
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WHO CAN ACCESS THESE DATA

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MULITLEVEL INHERITANCE
// BASE CLASS A

// B DERIVED FROM A

// C DERIVED FORM C

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MULITLEVEL INHERITANCE….SYNTAX
class A
{ ….. }; // BASE CLASS

class B: public A
{ …. }; // B derived from A

class C: public B
{ …. }; // C derived from B

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