CHAPTER 3

PERFECT AND PERFECT

PROGRESSIVE TENSES
DR. AMIRA ALSHEHRI
CHAPTER LEARNING OUTCOMES

Knowledge:

1. Recognize past and present grammatical constructions.

2. Recognize grammatical aspect (perfect) correctly.

Skills:

3. Write about present and past perfect events using appropriate grammatical
constructions and keywords.
4. Write about present and past perfect progressive events using appropriate
grammatical constructions and keywords.
5. Write sentences using the correct regular and irregular noun declension.
CONTENTS OF THE SLIDES

1. PRESENT PERFECT
2. HAVE AND HAD IN SPOKEN ENGLISH
3. PRESENT PERFECT VS. SIMPLE PAST
4. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
5. PAST PERFECT
6. HAD IN SPOKEN ENGLISH
7. PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
 1. PRESENT PERFECT

What is Present Perfect?

FIRST:

The present perfect is often used

with since and for to talk about
situations that began in the past and
continue up to now. 
Example 1:

(a)  Mrs. Oh has been a teacher since

2002. 

Meaning = being a teacher from

2002 up to now 
Example 2:

I have been in this city since last May. 

Meaning = being in this city from last May up to now 

Example 3:

We have been here since nine o’clock. 

Meaning = being here from nine o’clock up to now. 

Example 4:

Rita knows Rob. They met two months ago. She has
known him for two months. 
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SINCE AND FOR?

1. Mrs. Oh has been a teacher since 2002. 

2. I have been in this city since last May. 
3.  We have been here since nine o’clock. 
4. She has known him for two months.
5. I have not seen Sara for three years.
SECOND:
The present perfect can talk about 
events that have (or haven't) happened
before now. The exact time of the
event is unspecified. 
The adverbs ever, never, yet, still, and
already are often used with the present
perfect. 
Example 1

A- Have you ever seen snow?

B- No, I haven’t. I’ve never seen snow.
But Anna has seen snow. 

Meaning = seeing snow from the beginning

of their lives up to now 
Example 2

Have you finished your homework yet? I still

haven’t finished mine. Jack has already finished
his. 

Meaning = doing homework from the time

the people started up to now 
THIRD:

The present perfect can also express 

an event that has occurred repeatedly
from a point in the past up to the present
time. The event may happen again. 
Example 1

We have had three tests so far this term. 

Meaning =  taking tests from the beginning

of the term up to now (repeated event)
Example 2

I've met many people since I came here. 

Meaning =  meeting people from the time I came here up to

now (repeated event)
FOURTH:

Present perfect is used to emphasize

that an action was recently completed.
Adverbs such as just and recently can
be used to convey that meaning.
EXAMPLES:
1. Sara has recently finished her work.

2. Sarah has just finished her homework.

3. Sarah has finished her homework

Present Perfect Structure
I, we, they         +      have          +  Verb (in past participle)

He, she, it         +      has            +  Verb (in past participle)

Present Perfect: Contracted Forms
2. HAVE AND HAS IN SPOKEN ENGLISH
 3. PRESENT PERFECT VS. SIMPLE PAST

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST

1've met Linda, but 1haven’t 1met Helen yesterday at a party.
met her husband. Have you Her husband was there too, but
met them?  1didn’t meet him. Did you meet
them at the party? 
What is the difference between Present Perfect and Simple Past?
 3. PRESENT PERFECT VS. SIMPLE PAST

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST

1've met Linda, but 1haven’t met her 1met Helen yesterday at a party. Her
husband. Have you met them?  husband was there too, but 1didn’t
meet him. Did you meet them at the
Meaning = The speaker is talking party? 
about some unspecified time before
Meaning = The speaker is thinking of a specific
now.  time: yesterday. 
 3. PRESENT PERFECT VS. SIMPLE PAST

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST

Sam has been a teacher for ten Jim was a teacher for ten years,
years. He loves teaching.  from 1995 to 2005. Now he is
a salesman. 

What is the difference between Present Perfect and Simple Past?

 3. PRESENT PERFECT VS. SIMPLE PAST

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST

Sam has been a teacher for ten years. Jim was a teacher for ten years,
He loves teaching.  from 1995 to 2005. Now he is a
salesman. 
Meaning= The present perfect tells Meaning= The simple past tells
us that Sam is still a teacher now.  us that Jim is not a teacher
now. 
 3. PRESENT PERFECT VS. SIMPLE PAST

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST

1've met Linda, but 1haven’t 1met Helen yesterday at a party. Her

met her husband. Have you husband was there too, but 1didn’t
met them?  meet him. Did you meet them at the
party? 
Meaning = The speaker is talking
about some unspecified time before Meaning = The speaker is thinking of a specific
time: yesterday. 
now. 
 7. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

What is present perfect progressive?

The present perfect progressive

expresses how long an activity
has been in progress. In other
words, it expresses the duration
of an activity that began in the
past and continues to the
present. 
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Right now 1am sitting at my 1have been sitting at my desk

desk.  since seven o’clock. 1have been
sitting here for two hours. 

What is the difference between Present Progressive and Present Perfect

Progressive?
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Right now 1am sitting at my 1have been sitting at my desk since

desk.  seven o’clock. 1have been sitting here
for two hours. 

Meaning= The present Meaning= The present perfect

progressive expresses the duration of
progressive expresses an activity
an activity that began in the past and
in progress right now. 
continues to the present. 
I've known Alex since he was a For non-progressive verbs such as
child.  know, the present perfect (not the
present perfect progressive) is used to
incorrect: I've been knowing Ale express the duration of a situation that
x since he was a child.  began in the past and continues to the
present. 
 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

(a) How long have you lived (b) How long have you been living
here?  here? 

Do the sentences in (a) & (b) have the same meaning?

 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

(a) How long have you lived here?  (b) How long have you been living here? 
Yes. For some (not all) verbs, the idea of how long can be expressed by either tense — the
present perfect progressive or the present perfect. Either tense can be used only when the
verb expresses the duration of present activities or situations that happen regularly, usually,
habitually: e.g., live, work, teach, study, wear glasses, play chess. 
Present Perfect Progressive Structure

I, we, they         +      have          + been        + Verbing 

He, she, it         +      has            +  been       +Verbing       

5. PAST PERFECT
EXAMPLE:
When can Simple Past and Past Perfect have the same meaning?
Past Perfect: the contracted form
Past Perfect Structure

I, we, they, He, she, it     +      had    +  Verb (in past participle)
6. HAD IN SPOKEN ENGLISH
 7. PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

FIRST:
SECOND:
THIRD:
Present Perfect Progressive Structure

I, we, they, he, she, it      +      had    + been      + Verbing 

   
HOMEWORK

Student's Book: Exercises [4 – 13 – 16 – 19 – 23 – 30 – 31]

Workbook: Chapter 3 [All Exercises]