LEVELS OF LANGUAGE

BY: ARON S. MALLARI

 Linguistics
The word Linguistics has been
derived from Latin word “Lingua
which means language” & “Ics stands
for science.In its most general sense,it
is the scientific study of language.
The levels of Linguistics are
2)Phonetics
3)Phonology
4)Morpholog
y
5)Lexicology
6)Syntax
7)Semantics
8)pragmatics
The scientific study of production, transmission and
reception of speech sounds is called phonetics. There
are three sub-levels of phonetics.
Articulatory phonetics: It deals with the study
of production of speech sounds.
eAcoustics phonetics: It deals with the study of
physical transmission of speech sounds.
s Auditory phonetics: It deals with the the study
of reception and perception of speech sounds.
Phonology is the study of the sound patterns of
language. It is concerned with how sounds are
organized in a language. phonology examines
what occurs to speech sounds,When they are
combined to form a word and how these speech
sounds interact with each other. For example,
In English, /p/ sound is a phoneme because it is
the smallest unit of sound that can make a
difference of meaning if, for example,we replace
the initial sound of bill, till or dill making the pill.
Morphology is the study of word
formation and structure . It studies
how words are put together from
their smaller parts and the rules
governing this process. For
example,
Black board
ing
Mea ful
n
Lexicology is the study of words . We study word formation and
word classes. Lexeme is the smallest unit of lexis . For example,
Be been being
gone goes
Go went going
Syntax is the study of sentence . Grammatical
study of words is also known as syntax.
Under line structure
Subject verb object
Ali hits the ball
Transformational process
The ball was hit by Ali.
Semantics is the study of meaning of any written or
spoken piece of a language. For example,
Use of one’s language in certain
situation’s is called pragmatics. For
example,
 At home we speak Urdu or
English.
 At office we speak English or
Urdu.
With friends we speak Saraiki or
Punjabi.
 With relatives native language.