Chapter 3:-Monopole and Dipole

Antenna
3.1 Introduction of Monopole and Dipole (wire
antenna)
The dipole and the monopole are arguably the two most
widely used antennas across the UHF, VHF and lower-
microwave bands. Arrays of dipoles are commonly used as
base-station antennas in land-mobile systems. The
monopole and its variations are common in portable
equipment, such as cellular telephones, cordless
telephones, automobiles, trains, etc. It has attractive
features such as simple construction, sufficiently
broadband characteristics for voice communication, small
dimensions at high frequencies.
3.2 . Infinitesimal Dipole
 Length l << l
• Used to represent capacitor-plate (top-hat loaded)
antennas
• Capacitive loading to maintain the uniform
current
3.2 . Infinitesimal Dipole
3.2 . Infinitesimal Dipole
3.2 . Infinitesimal Dipole
3.2 . Infinitesimal Dipole(Power Density and Radiation
Resistance)
3.2 . Infinitesimal Dipole(Power Density and Radiation
Resistance)
3.2 . Infinitesimal Dipole (Far Field (kr >> 1)
3.2 . Infinitesimal Dipole (Directivity)
Example 1

Suppose a Hertzian dipole antenna is 1 cm long and is

excited by a 10 mA amplitude current source at 100
MHz. What is the maximum power density radiated by
this antenna at a 1 km distance? What is the antenna’s
radiation resistance?

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Solution to Example 1
We should calculate the wavelength,

The max. power radiated is:

The antenna radiation resistance :

3.3 Small Dipole
3.3 Small Dipole (radiated field)
3.3 Small Dipole (radiated field)
3.5 half wave Dipole
3.5 half wave Dipole
Dipole Antennas (Cont’d..)
Dipole Antennas (Cont’d..)

3D and 2D amplitude patterns for a thin dipole of l=1.25λ

Summary of Key Antenna Parameters