INHERITANCE

OF HUMAN
TRAITS
 FUNDAMENTALS OF HEREDITY
• HEREDITY – biological inheritance; this refers to the sum of all the biological
processes by which traits from parents are transmitted to their
offspring.

• CHROMOSOMES – thread-like structures made up of protein and a single

molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genetic
information from cell to cell

• GENES - a unit of hereditary information. Genes are made up of DNA, a

complex molecule that codes genetic information for the transmission of
inherited traits.
 THREE TYPES OF GENETIC DISORDERS

SINGLE GENE MULTI-FACTORAL CHROMOSOMAL

DEFECT GENETIC ANOMALY
DISORDERS
 SINGLE GENE DEFECT
A single gene disorder is caused by variations (or mutations) in
the DNA sequence of a specific gene. The DNA changes affect
the product that the gene codes for—usually a protein—causing it
to be altered or missing.
 Huntington Sickle Cell
Disease Disease

https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/singlegeneeg
 MULTI-FACTORIAL GENETIC DISORDERS
These involves several sets of genes. This type is caused by a combination of
environmental factors and mutation in multiple genes.

Breast Ovarian Alzheimer’s

Cancer Disease

https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/multifactorial
CHROMOSOMAL ANOMALY
Occurs when there is change in structure, addition or lacking of
chromosomes.

Trisomy 21 – Down Syndrome

Trisomy 18 – Edward Syndrome
Trisomy 13 – Patau/Bartholin
Syndrome

Klinefelter Syndrome
Turner Syndrome