SET OPERATIONS

Union of Sets
- The union of two more sets is the combination of all
elements of the given sets. The union of sets A and B, denoted
by A U B, is the set defined as:
A U B = {x/x  ∈ A or x  ∈ B}
Example :
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4} B = { 4, 5}

A U B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}}
A = { 1, 2, 4} B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
A U B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} B = { 0, 2, 4, 6}
A U B = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Intersection of Sets
- The intersection of two or more sets is the set of elements
common to the given sets. The intersection of Sets A and B,
denoted by A ∩ B
A ∩ B = {x/x  ∈ A or x  ∈ B}
Example :
A = { 1, 2, 3} B = {1, 2, 4, 5}

A ∩ B = { 1, 2}}
 U

A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} B = { 0, 2, 4, 6}

A ∩ B = {2, 4, 6}
Set Difference
- The difference of two or more sets is the set of elements not
present in the second set. The difference between Sets A and
B, denoted by A-B
A - B = {x/x  ∈ A and x ∉ B}
Example :
A = { 1, 2, 3} B = {1, 2, 4, 5}

A - B = { 3}}
A = { 1, 2, 3} B = { 4, 5}

A - B = { 1, 2, 3}}

A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} B = { 0, 2, 4, 6}

A - B = {1, 3, 5}
Universal Set and Complement
- The universal set ‘U’ is the set of all elements.
- The complement of a set is a difference between the
universal set and the given set.
Example :
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} B = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
Find: 1. U 2. A’
1. U = { all integers from 1 to 10}}

2. A’ = { 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}}
Example :
U = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z}
A = {a, e, i, o, u} B = {b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z}
Find: 1. A’ 2. B’
1. A’: = {b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z}}
Example
U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,2.
10}B’ = {a, e, i, o, u}}
K = { 2, 4, 6, 8,10} L= { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9} M = { 1, 4, 7, 9}
Find: 1. K’ 2. L’ 3. M’
1. K’ = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
2. L’ = { 2, 4, 6, 8,10}
2. M’= { 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10}
Perform the indicated
operation.

1. A’
2. B'

1. A’ = { 0}}
1. B’ = { 1, 3, 5}}
Venn Diagram
- Jhon Venn introduced Venn diagram in 1880.
- Venn Diagram is a constructed with a group of simple closed curves ( circle )
drawn in plane as a way of illustrating relationships between different groups of
objects .
- Rectangular plane represent as universal set.
- Circle represent as set.
 Use venn diagram to answer the following:}
1. What are the members of the set A? }
1. A= { 1, 2, 4, 5}
2. What are the members of the set B? }
2. B= { 2, 3, 5, 6}
3. What are the members of the set C? }
3. C= { 4, 5, 6, 7}
4. What are the common members of Sets A and B ? }
4. A ∩ B = { 2, 5}
5. What are the members of Set B and that are the members of Set C ? }
5. B ∩ C = { 5, 6}
6. What are the members of Sets A or B ? }
6. A U B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
7. What are the members of the intersection of the three sets? }
7. A ∩ B ∩ C = { 5}
is the summary of their responses:
20 like brand A 11 like both brand A and C

24 like brand B 17 like both brand B and C

30 like brand C 6 like all three
8 like both brands A and B

7 2 5

5 6 11
8 6
1. How many like brand A only? Brand B only? Brand C only?
2. How many do not like any of the three brand?

7 like brand A only 5 like brand B only 8 like brand C only

6 of them do not like any of the three brands

 In a college, 200 students are randomly selected. 140 like tea, 120 like coffee and 80 like
both tea and coffee. 
• How many students like only tea? 60
• How many students like only coffee? 40
• How many students like neither tea nor coffee? 20
• How many students like only one of tea or coffee? 100
• How many students like at least one of the beverages? 180

60 80 40
20
A. Write W if the set is well-defined and X if not.
1. A set of months in a year.
2. A set of even numbers between 1 and 10.
3. A set of good teachers.
4. A set of intelligent students.
5. A set of days in a week.
B. Identify if the set is finite, infinite, or empty set.
1. Set of natural/counting numbers.
2. Set of odd integers between 3 and 5.
3. Set of stars in the sky.
4. Set of even integers between 1 and 10.
5. A set of days in a week.
C. Perform the indicated operations:
U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
A = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
B = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
C = {2, 5, 7, 9}
1. A U B
2. ( A U B)’
3. A∩C
4. AUC∩B
5. A-C
D. List down the elements of the following sets based on the Venn
Diagram.
1. U
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. B – C
6. A ∩ B ∩ C
7. A’
8. ( A U B)’
9. A ∩ C
10. A ∩ B U C