QUADRATIC

FUNCTIONS AND
INEQUALITIES
Chapter 1

Here starts the Lesson 2

lesson!

Global Mathematics 9
 Relations of roots and
Coefficients
Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

● Characterize the roots of a quadratic equation using the discriminant;
and
● Describe the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a
quadratic equation.
 THE DISCRIMINANT
- The nature of the roots of any quadratic equation, even without solving,
can be determined by the value of the discriminant. The discriminant of
a quadratic function;

Value of discriminant Nature of the roots

Two real and unequal roots
• If the discriminant is a perfect square number,
(Positive) the two roots are rational; otherwise,
irrational.

One real root of multiplicity 2

(Zero)

No real root/ two imaginary or complex roots

(Negative)
 Example 1: Example 2:

a=3 b=-4 c=1 a=5 b=-2 c=-5

Solutio Solutio
n: n:

Since and is a perfect square number, then the Since and is a not a perfect square number,
roots of are two real, unequal, and rational then the roots of are two real, unequal, and
roots . irrational roots .
 Example 3: Example 4:

a=4 b=12 c=9 a=6 b=-2 c=3

Solutio Solutio
n: n:

Since then the roots of is a real root of Since , then the roots of are two imaginary
multiplicity of 2. roots .
 SUM and PRODUCT of the
ROOTS
- Using the quadratic formula, the roots are and

SUM:

PRODUCT:
 Example 1: Example 2:
What are the values of the sum and What are the values of the sum and
product of the roots product of the roots

Solutio Solutio
n: n:
Sum: Product: Sum: Product:

The sum of the roots is -1 while the product of

the roots is The sum of the roots is 8 while the product of
the roots is 15.
 Example 3: Example 4:
Determine the quadratic equation with integral Determine the quadratic equation with integral
coefficient whose sum and product of the roots coefficient whose sum and product of the roots
are and , respectively. are -3 and-10, respectively.

Solutio Solutio
n: n:
 Highlights!
 The discriminant is the base of the radicand The sign of the
discriminant is used to describe the nature of the roots of the
equation.

Value of discriminant Nature of the roots

Positive: Two real and unequal roots.
 
Zero: One real root of multiplicity 2
Negative: No real root/ two imaginary or complex roots
 The sum and product of the roots of a quadratic equation is
determined by:

Sum = and Product =