ICTs

Defined
• A diverse set of technological tools and resources
used to communicate, and to create,
disseminate,
store, and manage information. --C. Blurton

• Defined as the basis for developing and using

telecommunications and computer systems and
digital information and communications systems in
the broadest sense. ICT includes hardware, software
and netware, as well as institutional, financial,
cultural and application-related parameters that
determine how ICT will be shaped and developed by
society at large.
 National Vision for
ICT
• MTPDP 2004-2010 envisions ICT as a
development tool
“ICT will be harnessed as a powerful enabler
of capacity development. It will therefore
be targeted directly towards specific
development goals like ensuring basic
education for all and lifelong learning,
among others.”
 National Vision for ICT
in Education

• The education goal set forth MTPDP 2004-2010 is that

by 2010 “[e]veryone of school age will be in school, in
an uncrowded classroom, in surroundings conducive to
learning. Three thousand school buildings a year shall
have been built and a computer put in every high
school.”
• The MTPDP provides for the wider use of computers
to support teaching-learning processes, the promotion
of e-learning and information literacy shall, and the
establishment of e-learning competency centers.
 ICT Plan
for Basic Education
• Drafted in 2002 and focuses in the ff key areas:
– infrastructure development
– technical support
– teacher training on the design, production and use of ICT-based
instructional materials
– research and development
– technology integration in the curriculum
– use of innovative technologies in education and training
– fund generation, particularly through non-traditional financing
schemes
 ICT Plan
for Basic Education
• Operational targets by 2009
– provision of appropriate educational technologies to all public
high schools
– provision of a computer laboratory with basic multimedia
equipment to 75% of public high schools
– provision of electronic library systems to all public science-
oriented high schools
– training of 75% of public secondary school teachers in basic
computing and Internet skills as well as in computer-aided
instruction (CAI)

– integration of ICT in all learning areas, when

appropriate
 Curriculum &
Pedagogy
2002 Restructured Basic Education Curriculum:
Conceived as an interactive curriculum that
promotes integrated teaching and
interdisciplinary, contextual and authentic
learning.
“…[W]hat makes this curriculum interactive is the
use of information technology and the greater
emphasis on computer literacy in all the learning
areas in every school where equipment is
available.”
 Curriculum &
Pedagogy

• The use of ICT is “articulated in terms of

skills in accessing, processing and
applying information, and using
educational software in solving
mathematical problems and conducting
experiments.”
 Computers in Schools
•14.28% of ESs & HSs, public and private, have
computers
• Highest PC penetration rates
– NCR Region 21.3%
– Region III 15.6%
– Region IV 12%
• Note that only 66% of schools have electricity!
•Computers in schools are acquired mostly through
purchases using school funds (45%) or through
donations by government and private groups (40%).
--SEAMEO Survey, 2000-2001
 Computers in Schools
Recent National Government Computerization
Projects
• DepED: 1996 to 2004, 3 Batches
•PCs for Public Schools of DTI: 2001 to 2005, 3
Batches
• DOST: periodically since 1994
 Computers in Public High
Schools
•DepED estimates to date 69% of public HSs
already have at least one computer, and expects
this to increase to 75% by end of 2005.
poor student-to-computer ratio
ranges from 12:1 to
1,098:1 mean ratio = 267:1
modal ratio = 209:1
poor teacher-to-computer ratio
75% of schools have a ratio of 5:1 or worse
mean ratio = 9:1
modal ratio = 8:1 --FIT-ED Survey, 2002
 Computers in Public High Schools
Instructional Use of Computers in public HSs
Percentage of schools that use computers for teaching

and learning activities in the indicated subject areas

Technology and Home Economics 96.9

80.4% of the total
Science and Technology 77.1 number of hours of
Mathematics
English
67.7
62.5
computer use in the
Multidisciplinary projects or activities 43.8 schools is for basic
Social Studies
PE, Health and Music
30.2
27.1
ICT skills training
Filipino 25 under Technology
Values Education
RHGP
25
17.7
and Home
Literacy Program 1 Economics for
Journalism 1 predominantly 3rd
Citizen Army Training 1
and 4th year students
--FIT-ED Survey, 2002
 Computers in Public High
DESPITE... Schools
Computers having fast processors and fairly
recent operating systems
• 96.4% have Pentium processors
• 96% run on Windows 95 or 98

Computers having multimedia capability

(with CD ROM drives and sound cards)
• 86% computers available for teacher use
• 87% computers available for student
use
--FIT-ED Survey, 2002
Computers in Public High Schools
Computers in public HSs are
UNDERUTILIZED

•Computers are not used primarily for their

intended, curricular purpose, i.e., to enhance the
teaching and learning process

•Computers are not used to their full potential as

machines—they are being used as glorified
typewriters!
Why are Computers Underutilized?
Lack of educational software
Percentage of schools with educational software available for
use by students

Mathematics 77
Science and Technology 76
English 76
Technology and Home Economics 50
Social Studies 17
Multidisciplinary projects or activities 9
Filipino 4
PE, Health and Music 4
Values Education 2
RHGP 1
NONE 7
--FIT-ED Survey, 2002
 Why are Computers
in Public HSs Underutilized?

Lack of hardware peripherals

Percentage of schools with hardware peripherals
available for use by students
Color printer 90.6
Dot matrix printer 53.1
Scanner 21.9
Inkjet printer 18.8
Laser printer 9.4
TV and decoder 6.3
Video/LCD projector 4.2
CD writer 3.1
Devices for digital imaging & video processing 3.1
Graphical tablet 1
NONE 4.2

--FIT-ED Survey, 2002

 Why are Computers
in Public HSs Underutilized?

Lack of local area networks (LANs)

• Networking indicates a higher level of
efficiency in management of educational
resources (e.g., sharing of files,
distribution of Internet connection)
• Only 7% of schools have computers used
for educational purposes that are
networked

--FIT-ED Survey, 2002

 Why are Computers
in Public HSs Underutilized?

Lack of Internet access

• Only 13% of the schools have Internet access
• Only 9% of schools have computers with
Internet access available for teacher
use
• Only 8% of schools have computers with
Internet access available for student
use
• Only 5% of schools have simultaneous
Internet access: between 2 to 35 computers
• Online time is limited: Half of the schools go
 Why are Computers
in Public HSs Underutilized?

Lack of Internet access

• Bandwidth is limited: The majority
of schools have dial-up
connections, max of 56.6 kbps
• Educational use is limited:
• In 75.6% of schools: 10% or
less of faculty use the Internet
• In 57.1% of schools: 10% or
less of student population use
the Internet for educational
purposes, mostly for “online
research”
--FIT-ED Survey, 2002
 Why are Computers
in Public HSs Underutilized?

Generally low level of computing and Internet

skills of teachers
Percentage of schools by percentage of Percentage of schools by percentage of
teachers with basic computing skills teachers with basic Internet skills

1% to 10% 13 None 20
11% to 25% 8 1% to 10% 54
26% to 50% 31 11% to 25% 9
51% to 75% 19 26% to 50% 12
More than 75% 29 51% to 75% 3
More than 75% 2

--FIT-ED Survey, 2002

 Why are Computers
in Public HSs Underutilized?

Generally low level of skills in using subject-

specific applications among faculty
Percentage of schools by percentage of
teachers who can use subject-specific
applications There is a lack of
technical support skills
None 8
as well.
1% to 10% 36 •Only 32% of schools
11% to 25% 19 have at least one member
26% to 50% 23 of its staff who can
51% to 75% 8 install, maintain and
More than 6 repair hardware and
75% software
--FIT-ED Survey, 2002
 Why are Computers
in Public HSs Underutilized?

Perceived major obstacles to ICT use

• lack of computers
• lack of technical support
• lack of training opportunities for teachers
•lack of standards and guidelines for ICT
integration
• lack of funds for operations and maintenance
--FIT-ED Survey, 2002
 Some Efforts to
Fill the Gaps

Networking & Internet Access

•Special rates for schools: 1 year free access
and preferential rates thereafter, offered by
Innove and PLDT
•CLIC Program (USAID-Growth with Equity for
Mindanao) for ARMM and conflict afflicted areas
in Mindanao
• YouthTech (Ayala Foundation)
• ConnectEd’s GILAS Project (in the pipeline)
• Thin Client Pilot (DOST-SEI)