HUMAN

FLOURISHING
Group 2
OBJECTIVES
- Identify different conceptions of human flourishing;
- Determine the development of the scientific method and validity
of science; and
- critic human flourishing vis-a-vis progress of science and
technology to be able to define for themselves the meaning of a
good life.

PRESENTATION TITLE
                   EUDAMONIA
 - '' good spirited'' 
 - coined by renowned Greek philosopher ARISTOTLE
 - describe the pinnacle of happiness that is attainable by 
     Humans 
 - translated into ''human flourishing''

PRESENTATION TITLE
Human flourishing arises as a result of
different components such as:
PHRONESIS
NICOMACHEA
N ETHICS 
FRIENSHIP
 (philosophical
inquiry
WEALTH
into the
nature of a good
life for a human
 POWER
being)

PRESENTATION TITLE
- In ancient Greek society, they believe that acquiring these
will surely bring the  seekers happiness, which in effect allows
them to partake in the greater notion of what we call the
GOOD

- As time changes, elements that comprise human flourishing

changed.

- people found means to live more comfortably, explore more

places, develop more products, and make more money

PRESENTATION TITLE
- humans of today are expected to become '' man of the
world''

- supposed to situate himself in a global neighborhood,

working side by side among institutions and the government
to be able to reach a common goal.

- competition as a means of survival has become passe.

- coordination is the new trend.

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 Eastern vs Western
conception regarding
society and human
flourishing

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                  EASTERN            WESTERN CONCEPTION
CONCEPTION
FOCUS IS MOMMUNITY - MORE FOCUSED ON THE
CENTRIC INDIVIDUAL 

INDIVIDUAL SHOULD SACRIFICE HUMAN FLOURISHING AS AN

HIMSELF FOR THE SAKE OF END
SOCIETY 
CHINESE CONFUCIAN SYSTEM ARISTOTELIAN VIEW

JAPANESE BUSHIDO AIMS FOR EUDAMONIA AS THE

ULTIMATE GOOD

ENCOURAGE STUDIES OF
LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART
PRESENTATION TITLE
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND
HUMAN FLOURISHING
- Every discovery, innovation, and success contributes to our pool
of human knowledge.
- human's perpetual need to locate himself in the world by finding
proof to trace evolution
- elicits our idea of self-importance
- technology is a human activity we excel in as a result of
achieving science.(Heidegger)
- Good is inherently related to the truth.

PRESENTATION TITLE
SCIENCE AS METHOD AND
RESULTS
-  science stems from objectivity brought upon by a rigid
method.
- claim to reason and empiricism 

PRESENTATION TITLE
STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC
METHODS
OBSERVE and determine if there are unexplained occurrences
unfolding.
DETERMINE THE PROBLEM and identify the factors
involved.
FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS that could explain the said
phenomenon. Ideally, the goal is to reject the null hypothesis and
accept the alternative hypothesis for the study '' to count as
significant'' can be separated into additional steps such as '' to
generate prediction'' or '' to infer from past expirements''

PRESENTATION TITLE
CONDUCT EXPIREMENT by setting up dependent and
independent variables, and trying to see how independent ones affect
dependent ones.

GATHER AND ANALYZE results throughout and upon

culmination of the experiment. Examine if the data gathered are
significant enough to conclude results.

FORMULATE CONCLUSION AND PROVIDE

RECOMMENDATION in case others would want to broaden the
study.

PRESENTATION TITLE
         
     VERIFICATION THEORY 
- The earliest criterion that distinguishes  philosophy  and science
-  A discipline is science if it can be confirmed or interpreted in the
event of an alternative hypothesis being accepted.
- premium on empiricism
- takes into account those results which are measurable
and experiments which are repeatable

PRESENTATION TITLE
VIENNA
CIRCLE
 Group of scholars who
believed that:

• only those which can be

observed should be
regarded as meaningful,
• reject those which cannot
be directly accesses as
meaningless.

PRESENTATION TITLE
 VERIFICATION THEORY 

The idea is that since one already has some sort of expectations on
what to find, they will interpret events in the line with said
expectation.

THOMAS KUHN- American philosopher warned us against 

bridging the gap between evidence and theory by attempting to
interpret the former according to our own biases, that is, whether or
not we subscribe to the theory.

PRESENTATION TITLE
  for instance, this girl, lea has a
theory that her classmate Ian
likes her
Good, she thought ,I like him too.
But how do I know that he likes
me?
She began by observing him and
his interactions with her. Several
gestures she noted include his
always exchanging pleasantries
with her whenever they bump
into each other, his big way to
greet her even when riding a
jeepney.
PRESENTATION TITLE
Through these observation, she was then able to conclude that Ian
does like her because, she thought, why would anyone do
something like that for a person he does not like me?

As it turns out, however Ian is just generally happy to meet people

he knew. He had known lea since they were in first year and
regards her as a generally okay person. It is no surprise then that
upon learning that Ian basically does this to everyone, lea was
crushed . She vowed to herself that she would never assume again.

PRESENTATION TITLE
          FALSIFICATION THEORY
- asserts that as long as an ideology is not proven to be false and
can best explain a phenomenon over alternative theories.
- due to its hospitable character, the shift to this theory allowed
emergence of theories otherwise rejected by verification theory. 
-does not promote ultimate adoption of one theory but instead
encourages research in order to determine which among the
theories can stand the test of falsification.  

PRESENTATION TITLE
KARL POPPER
- Aim at the production of new, falsifiable
predictions
- known proponent of this view.

- scientific practice is characterized by its

continual effort to test theories against
experience and make revisions based on the
outcomes of these tests.

PRESENTATION TITLE
To illustrate, previous story restated:
Ian is generally everybody's  friend. He likes to be around people
and generally aspires to become everybody's friend. 
However, there is this one girl, lea who seemed to not like him
when he is around. 
Every time he waves at her, she turns away, and when they are in
the same room, she avoids glances
Through this concluded that lea does not like him and does his best
to show her that he is not a threat

PRESENTATION TITLE
He began greeting her whenever they pass by each other at he
corridor, even going so far a calling her attention when he was
in the jeepney and saw her walking past.
When they were able to talk to each other, he found out that
lea is just really shy and is not accustomed to people greeting
her. He then was able to conclude that his initial impression of
her not liking him Is wrong and thus said proposition is
rejected

PRESENTATION TITLE
 SCIENCE AS A SOCIAL
ENDEAVOR
- A new school of thought on the proper demarcation criterion of
science emerged.
- several philosophers such as Paul Thagard, Imre Lakatos, Helen
Longino, David Bloor, and Richard Rorty, among others, presented
an alternative demarcation that explores the social  dimension of
science and effectively, technology.
-Science cease to belong solely to gown wearing, bespectacled
scientists at laboratories.
- the new view perpetuates a dimension which generally benefits
the society.
PRESENTATION TITLE
        SCIENCE AND RESULTS
- People who do not understand science are won over when the
discipline is able to produce results
- science is not entirely foolproof, such that it is correct 100% of
the time.
- weather reports; inability to predict disasters.
- science then does not monopolize the claim for definite results.

PRESENTATION TITLE
SCIENCE AS EDUCATION
- ARISTOTLE eudaimonic person is required to be knowledgeable
about science, among other things of equal importance.

- they are supposed to possess intellectual virtues that will enable

them to determine truth from poor reasoning.

PRESENTATION TITLE
HUMAN CONDITION BEFORE
COMMON ERA
- Homo erectus have been using fire to cook all th while
without realizing the laws of friction and heat.
-  tools from stone and flints marked the era of the Stong
Age during the advent of our very own Homo sapiens.
- People discovered minerals and began forging metal
work.

PRESENTATION TITLE
- Fur clothing and animal skin are primarily used for
comfort against harsh wind. 
- They begin to cover themselves up out of necessity.
People of the time had also painstakingly wrought said
figures in honor of some diety.

PRESENTATION TITLE
HUMAN CONDITION IN THE
COMMON ERA
- Driven by their primal need to survive, humans were able to find
ways to drive off other megafaunas threatening prospective hunting
spot. 

- The ongoing extinction of several species- both flora and fauna-

due to human activity.

PRESENTATION TITLE
- -Formation of communities caused humans to expand more
in territory and more people to feed large separate
communities hailing from the same ancestors and residing in the
same large community paved way for civilization. 

-Physical strength was valued at most although there were appeared

to be as many intellectual gifted figures just the same.

PRESENTATION TITLE
THE ESSENCE OF
TECHNOLOGY
- Modern humans are reliant on technology in their search for good
life.
-Humans are reduced into the amount of product they are able to
render during their lifetime.
-By too much reliance on technology humans lose track by the
things that matter reducing their surroundings to their economic
value.

PRESENTATION TITLE
BACKTRACKING THE HUMAN
CONDITION
-Technology’s initial promises proved to be true regardless of its
ramifications.

- All in human condition improved, only if by improving we

measure the level of comfort various scientific breakthroughs and
improved lifestyles of those who had the luxury to afford to do so.

PRESENTATION TITLE
Human flourishing in
Science and
technology
 TECHNOLOGY AS A MODE
OF REVEALING
Martin Heidegger (German Philosopher) “The Question of
Technology” urges us to question technology and see beyond
peoples common understanding of it. 
-According to ancient doctrine, the essence of a thing is
considered to be what the thing is. 
We ask the question concerning technology when:
 •One says: Technology is a means to an end.
 •The other says: Technology is a human activity.

PRESENTATION TITLE
 TECHNOLOGY AS A MODE
OF REVEALING
- Technology itself is a contrivance- in Latin an
instrumentum. 
- The current conception of technology, according to
which is a means and a human activity, can therefore
be called the instrumental and anthropological
definition of technology. 
- This definition is correct but not necessarily true.
The “true” entails so much more meaning and
significance.

PRESENTATION TITLE
TECHNOLOGY AS A MODE
OF REVEALING
Heidegger:
- asserted that the true can be pursued through the correct.
In other words the experience and understanding of
what is correct lead us to what is true. 
- urged people to envision technology as a mode of
revealing as it shows so much more about the human
person and the world. 
- Technology is a way of bringing forth a making
something. By considering technology as a mode of
revealing, then the truth is brought forth. 

PRESENTATION TITLE
TECHNOLOGY AS A MODE OF
REVEALING
Heidegger also put forward the ancient Greek concepts.
•Aletheia – unhiddenness or disclosure 

•Poeisis- bringing forth. For Aristotle it means making or

producing something for a purpose. It is sometimes used to refer to
poetry and composition. 
• Techne (technology)- skill, art or craft. It is a means of bringing
forth something.

PRESENTATION TITLE
TECHNOLOGY AS
POEISIS:APPLICABLE TO
MODERN TECHNOLOGY?
Does the idea that technology is poeisies apply to modern
tehnology?
- Heidegger characterizes modern technology as a challenge since
it is very aggressive in its activity. 
•Modern technology may also be a mode of revealing but not as
the harmonious bringing forth that is described in his thesis of
technology as poeisis.

PRESENTATION TITLE
•Modern technology challenges nature and demands of its
resources that are most of the time, forcibly extracted for human
consumption and storage.

Example: Mining

PRESENTATION TITLE
TECHNOLOGY AS
POEISIS:APPLICABLE TO
MODERN TECHNOLOGY?
-With modern technology revealing never comes to an end. The
revealing always happens on our own terms as everything is on
demand.
- We order nature, and extract process make ready for
consumption, and store what we have forced it to reveal.
- Heidegger described modern technology as the age of switches,
standing reserve, and stockingpiling for its own sake.

PRESENTATION TITLE
This observation is manifest in the mechanization of
digization of many aspects of our life-from agriculture to
communications and transportation among many others.

PRESENTATION TITLE
QUESTIONING AS THE PIETY
OF THOUGHT
- Piety is associated with being religious. For Heidegger however,
piety means obedience and submission.
- In addressing what technology has brought forth, one cannot help
but be submissive to what his/her thoughts and reflections elicit. 
-Whatever understanding is found becomes significants because it
is evoked by questioning who or what we essentially are in the
world.

PRESENTATION TITLE
ENFRAMING: WAY OF
REVEALING IN MODERN
TECHNOLOGY
- It is as if nature is put in a box or in a frame so that it can be
better understood and controlled according to people’s desires.
- Poeisis is concealed in enframing as nature is viewed as an
orderable and calculable system of information.

PRESENTATION TITLE
ENFRAMING: WAY OF
REVEALING IN MODERN
TECHNOLOGY
In looking at the world Heidegger distinguished between:

•Calculative Thinking- one orders and puts a system to nature so it

can be understood better and controlled. 

•Meditative Thinking- one lets nature reveal itself to him/her

without forcing it.

PRESENTATION TITLE
ENFRAMING: WAY OF
REVEALING IN MODERN
TECHNOLOGY
- The human person has the faculty for both and would do well to
use them in synergy.
- people also want control and are afraid of unpredictability so
calculative thinking is more often used.
- Enframing is done because people want security even if the
ordering that happens in enframing is violent and even if the Earth
is made as a big gasoline station from which we extract stockpile
and put in standing-reserve, ready to be used as we see fit.

PRESENTATION TITLE
HUMAN PERSON SWALLOWED
BY TECHNOLOGY
- Humans do not really call the shots odern technology, we
lose the essence of who we are as beings in this world.
 - If we are constantly plugged online and no longer have
the capacifor authentic personal encon this Earth.
- If we allow ourselves to get swallowed by mounters,
then we are truly swallowed by technology.

PRESENTATION TITLE
If we cannot let go of the conveniences and profits brought about by
processes and industries that pollute the environment ad cause climate
change then technology has consumed our humanity.
        

PRESENTATION TITLE
HUMAN PERSON SWALLOWED
BY              TECHNOLOGY
Heidegger further asserted that :
 “essence of technology is nothing technological”
-  various problems brought about by human’s dependence on
technology cannot be simply resolved by refusing technology
altogether.

PRESENTATION TITLE
ARTS AS A WAY OUT OF
ENFRAMING
Heidegger propsed art as a way out of this enframing. It leads us
away from calculative thinking and towards meditative thinking.
Through meditative thinking we will recognize that nature is art
par excellence.
Example The watermill is a primitive structure compared to the
hydropower plant.

PRESENTATION TITLE
ARTS AS A WAY OUT OF
ENFRAMING
- When meditatively looking at technology, one ill begin to
question its significant in his/her life more than in its instrumental
use.
-  It is meditative thinking that provides a way for us to remain
rooted in the essence of who we are. It grounds us so as not to let
our technological devices affect our real core and warp our nature.

PRESENTATION TITLE
ARTS AS A WAY OUT OF
ENFRAMING
Aristotle’s conception of the four causes was mechanical. As
explained by Heidegger.
For centuries philosophy has taught that there are four causes:
•causa materialis- the material, the matter out of which (ex. A
silver chalice is made) 
•causa formalis- the form the shape into which the material enters.

PRESENTATION TITLE
•causa finalis-the end (ex. The sacrificial rite in relation to
which the chalice required is determined as to its form
and matter) 
•causa efficiens-the effect that is finished actual chalice in
this instance the silversmith.

PRESENTATION TITLE
ARTS AS A WAY OUT OF
ENFRAMING
- Through enframing happens it cannot completely snuff
out the poetic character of technology. The danger is made
present and more palpable through our art and poetry. 
- Amid this realization we remainhopeful because as the
poet Holderlin put it”poetically man dwells upon this
Earth”

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THANK YOU..

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