Good

Morning!
 s a nd R e gi st e r s
Varie ti e
of Spo k e n an d
i tt e n L a ng u a g e
W r
At the end of this lesson, the learners will able to:
a. Determine the concept of the varieties of English
language in Asian context;
b. Discuss the importance of the varieties of English in
both oral and written contexts; and
c. Use the appropriate register depending on the
communication situation.
d. Transform active sentences into passive voice.
 Do you have any
experiences in
communicating with a
foreigner in any instance?
 INTRODUCTIO
N

• Language register is defined as the

appropriateness of the level and style of
speaking and writing.
• It guides a speaker or writer in the use of
vocabulary, structure, and grammar.
TYPES OF LANGUAGE REGISTERS

• Formal Language Register

• Informal Language Register

• Neutral Language Register

 FORMAL LANGUAGE

- Style of speaking or writing appropriate for professional writing

and letters to superiors in an office.
- It is impersonal which means without emotions.
Examples:
Business Letters
Letters of Complaint
Official speeches
Announcements
Research Paper
Reports, etc.
 RULES IN FORMAL LANGUAGE
A. Do not use contractions
cannot instead of can’t
have not instead of haven’t
is not instead of isn’t

B. Spell out numbers less than one hundred

fifth teen
seventy-eight
six
twenty-four
 RULES IN FORMAL LANGUAGE
C. Use third-person point of view
The students instead of he/she
The researchers instead of we
The undersigned instead of I

D. Avoid using slang, idioms, hyperbole and cliches.

awesome/cool check it out
ok/okay wow
great
 RULES IN FORMAL LANGUAGE
E. Acronyms may be used in formal speaking and writing, but
you have to spell it out first and put the acronym in
parentheses.
Example:
Queen of Apostles College Seminary (QACS) is celebrating its’
founding Anniversary.

- Note: You may use the acronym in other parts of your paragraph.
 RULES IN FORMAL LANGUAGE

F. Use active rather than passive sentences

• Active voice means that a sentence has a subject that acts upon
its verb. Passive voice means that a subject is a recipient of a
verb’s action (Traffis, 2020). 

- Example:
o A singer entertained the guest. (Active Voice)
o The guests were entertained by a singer. (Passive Voice)
 RULES IN FORMAL LANGUAGE

G. Use simple sentences rather than compound and complex

sentences.

- It would make your write-up/speech shorter and easier to understand.

- A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence: a
subject, a verb, and a completed thought.
 RULES IN FORMAL
LANGUAGE
Examples of simple sentences include the following:
- Joe waited for the train.
"Joe" = subject, "waited" = verb
 
- The train was late.
"The train" = subject, "was" = verb
 
- Mary and Samantha took the bus.
"Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "took" = verb
 
- I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station.
"I" = subject, "looked" = verb
 
- Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station early but waited until noon for the bus.
"Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "arrived" and "waited" = compound verb 
 RULES IN FORMAL
LANGUAGE
- A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two
independent clauses (or complete sentences) connected to one
another with a coordinating conjunction. Coordinating
conjunctions are easy to remember if you think of the words
"FAN BOYS":
 For
 And
 Nor
 But
 Or
 Yet
 So
 RULES IN FORMAL
LANGUAGE
Examples of compound sentences include the following:
• Joe waited for the train, but the train was late. 
• I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station, but they
arrived at the station before noon and left on the bus before I
arrived.
• Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before
noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived.
• Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not
see them at the bus station.
 RULES IN FORMAL
LANGUAGE
- A complex sentence is made up of an independent
clause and one or more dependent clauses connected to
it. A dependent clause is similar to an independent clause,
or complete sentence, but it lacks one of the elements that
would make it a complete sentence. 

Examples of dependent clauses include the following:

 because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon
 while he waited at the train station
 after they left on the bus
 RULES IN FORMAL
LANGUAGE
• Dependent clauses such as those above cannot stand alone as a sentence, but they can be
added to an independent clause to form a complex sentence.
• Dependent clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. Below are some of the most
common subordinating conjunctions:

 After  though
 although  unless
 as  until
 because  when
 before  whenever
 even though  whereas
 if
 wherever
 since
 while
 RULES IN FORMAL
LANGUAGE

-A complex sentence joins an independent clause with one or mor dependent

clauses.
- The dependent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the
independent clause, as in the following:
Tip: When the dependent clause comes first, a comma should be used to
separate the two clauses.

• Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, I did
not see them at the station.
• While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late.
• After they left on the bus, Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting
at the train station.
 RULES IN FORMAL
LANGUAGE

H. Use CONJUNCTIONS/TRANSITIONAL DEVICES

- It is to indicate transitions or imply continuity or cause
and effect relationship in the ideas of your sentences.

I. Use complete sentences in your write-up/speech

- Avoid using the use of phrases and clauses
 INFORMAL LANGUAGE
 Otherwise called casual or intimate.
• It is recommended and appropriate when
writing/speaking to friends, family, partners or lovers
and familiar persons you know well.

Examples:
personal-emails phone texts or chats
short notes friendly letters
diaries and journals love letters
 There are no major rules in informal writing but, you
can include things such as:

a. slangs/cliches
b. figurative languages
c. acronyms, abbreviations, symbols
d. first person, second person POV
e. jokes
f. personal opinions
g. passive and active sentences
 NEUTRAL LANGUAGE
• It is more objective, impersonal and factual type of
writing or speaking.
• Use to deliver facts and principles.

Examples:
magazine reviews
articles
technical reports
 Varieties of Language

• Varieties of language develop for a number of reasons: differences

can come about for geographical reasons; people who live in
different geographic areas often develop distinct dialects—
variations of standard English.
• Those who belong to a specific group, often academic or
professional, tend to adapt jargons that is known to and
understood by only members of that selected group.
The Two Main Varieties of English
 British English
 American English
American English British English
Automobile Car
Cab Taxi
Detour Diversion
Divided Dual
Elevator Lift
Faculty Staff
Wreck Crash
Billfold Wallet
Pants Trousers
Short Quiz
Direction: Convert the following active voice to passive voice (2 pts.).
Write your answer on the space provided.
 
1. He betrayed his lover.
__________________________________________________.

2. Joshua will never forget this experience.

__________________________________________________.

3. Stephen bake a cake yesterday.

______________________________________________________.

4. The boy teased the girl.

__________________________________________________.
 
5. The tiger was chasing the deer.
__________________________________________________.
Direction: Determine if each sentence is simple, compound, or complex.
Put a check mark on the box where the sentence belongs (2 pts.).

Sentence Simple Compound Complex

1. The seminarians of QACS are wearing    

their polo shirts.
2. It was time for bed, yet there are still    
lights outside.
3. The front door was locked, so Janel    
entered through the back door.
4. The parish priest wears mask.    
5. Before the bell rings, the students lined    
up at the door.
Thank You!