Customized Applications for

Mobile Network Enhanced Logic

(CAMEL)

Zhaohui Deng
Yinyan Zhou

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 What Is CAMEL
 CAMEL is the wireless intelligent network standard
for GSM networks
 CAMEL is not a separate service but a new feature
( It is a tool to help the network operator to provide
the subscribers with OSS even when roaming outside
the HPLMN)
 In North America the corresponding standard is WIN
 WIN and CAMEL use almost the same Intelligent
Network Conceptual Model

 OSS: Operator Specific Services

 HPLMN: Home Public Land Mobile Network

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 Evolution of Wireless Intelligent Network

 Switchboard: Operator manually intervene with an

intelligent routing decision

 Automatic Switching: hard-wired service logic,

dependent on switching vendor for all aspects of
service logic necessary to deploy new features,
equipment from different vendors made it hard for
ubiquitous service deployment

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Evolution of Wireless Intelligent Network
(Cnt)

 Stored Program Control: programmable service logic,

but not modular. New service introduction is hard
due to dependency between service and service
specific logic associated with that service. Service
logic used for one service could not be used for
another
 Common Channel Signaling: mid-1970s. Out-band
signaling vs. in-band signaling path

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Evolution of Wireless Intelligent Network
(Cnt)
 Advanced Intelligent Network: provide service-
independent service logic and service management,
facilitate independent service development capability

 WIN and CAMEL: standardized capabilities in

conjunction with SS7 signaling, provide network
intelligence efficiently and seamlessly in wireless
networks

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Driver for CAMEL Emerging
 Prior to CAMEL, GSM has INAP as protocol injecting
intelligence into GSM network. INAP designed for
wireline networks, no mobility management.

 CAMEL: standard to provide wireless intelligent

network capabilities for development, deployment
and operation of enhanced mobile communications
service and roaming across different vendor switches

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WIN BCSM DP Example
 Originating BCSM detection Points:
 Origination_attempt_Authorized DP – A point in the

call ( such as an authorized customers initiates a call)

when an external element is queried prior to the
calling party dialing digits. Can be used for service
such as voice activated dialing.
 Analyzed_Information DP: for Incoming call screening

at customer’s home MSC????

 Collected_information DP: used for providing service

to calling party such as Call forwarding

 BCSM: basic call state model

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WIN BCSM DP Example
 Terminating BCSM Detection Points:

 Facility_Selected-and_Available DP: calling name

service to customer

 T_Busy and T_No_Answer DP: for routing call to a

voice message system or special
announcements/tones

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Service Drivers for WIN Phase I

 Calling Name Presentation (CNAP)

 Voice Controlled Service (VCS)
 Such as basic voice controlled dialing
 VCS with voice authentication, speech –to-text
conversion,etc
 Incoming Call Screening (ICS)
 Answer, don’t answer, redirect

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Service Drivers for WIN Phase II
 Prepaid Charging(PPC)
 Should be invoked before any other service to verify the balance
 Preferred Language Support
 Free Phone
 Launch AnalyzedInformation message to SCP, seize IP to set up
ConnectionResource message to MSC to connect to IP and IP play
announcement to direct how to make the call, completely toll free
and mobile airtime free
 Billing Service Capabilities
 Advice of charging; inform cost of impending call
 Call management service
 Rejection of undesired annoying call

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 Example of WIN phase II
Free Phone
Serving System
IP SCP MSC MSC upon recognizing a FreePhone call attempt,
launched a Analyzed Information(ANLYZD)
MS origination message to SCP. The SCP getting the request,
seizes the IP resource and IP send Connect
ANLYZD[TRIGTYPE, DGTSDIAL, TRANSCAP, WINCAP] Resource(CONNRES) message to the MSC,
directing it to set up a connection to IP. IP plays
SEIZED[SRFCapability, PLIND] an announcement to the caller(relative to the
FreePhone number called)Upon listening to the
Seizes[TLDN] announcement, a a series of release messages are
CONNRES[DSTDGT,CARDGTS,ROUTDGTS] played prior to the MSC setting the call up to the
appropriate telephone number associated with
FreePhone number.
TLDNAT call setup
INSTREQ[ ]

SRFDIR[ANNLIST

PLAY ANNOUNCEMENT
srfdir[]

anlyzd[TERMLIST, DMH_SVCIDLIST, BILLDGTS]

Release message
instreq[ ]

Call setup

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Service Drivers for WIN Phase III
 Location-Based Service

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 Phased Development of Standards –
CAMEL Phase I
 Introduce basic INAP capabilities such as support of initial
DP message
 Basic call set-up reporting capabilities: inform CSE of
mobile origination and termination status, call-related CSE
interactions
 Suppress announcement tones at the serving system
during call termination, allowing the home system to play
announcements in native language of the home system
 Offer Any Time Interrogation (ATI) message, a GSM MAP
message: interrogate HLR to derive info about specific
customer’s location and status
CSE: CAMEL Service Environment
MAP: Mobile Application Part, protocol that interconnects wireless telephone system

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 Example of CAMEL phase I
MS Originating CAMEL call
MS
MSC/VLR
+ gsmSCF PSTN
gmsSSF
CAP-initialDP
A
CAP-Connect B
C ISUP-IAM

A: MSC gets CAEML service info from VLR during the call setup of a MS, gmsSSF in
the visiting network send the InitialDP message to gsmSCF and suspend the call processing.
The InitialDP message contains service key, called and calling party number, calling party’s
Category, location number, bearer capability, event type BCSM, location and IMSI. After
the service logic processing, B gsmSCF can for example do number translation, a CAMEL-specific
Service logic is initiated from gsmSCF C MSC uses the information received to set up a call

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 Phased Development of Standards –
CAMEL Phase II
 Most significant enhancement over phase I is to support
SRF, would allow user interaction with a VRU within CSE
 Provide additional GSM MAP related improvements including
support of USSD, another user interaction capability
enhancement, this call-unrelated CSE interaction capability
allows the subscriber to invoke CAMEL-based service via
USSD commands.
 Online charge indication via the Advice of Charge( AoC)
feature for mobile originated calls. AoC is call-related CSE
interaction that can be very useful when deployed in
conjunction with services such as a Free Phone, prepaid
and premium calling services.
SRF: Specialized Resource Function
VRU: Voice Response Unit USSD: Unstructured Supplementary Service Data

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 CAMEL Phase I Architecture
Home
Network
MAP
HLR gsmSCF

MAP CAP
MAP
CAP

gsmSSF VLR gsmSSF

GMSC Roaming leg

VMSC
Interrogating Network
Visiting Network
Dotted lines for signaling connection, continuous line present a voice connection
MAP: Mobile Application Part GMSC: gateway MSC
CAP: CAMEL Application Protocol VMSC: visiting MSC
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CAMEL Phase I Architecture

Home Network
 present home PLMN (public land mobile network) of

CAMEL subscriber
 Home Location Register (HLR) and GSM Service

Control Function are the network elements involved

in CAMEL
 HLR stores for subscriber requiring CAMEL support

information regarding O-CSI, T-CSI, TIF-CSI, U-CSI

and SS-CSI
 O-CSI, SS-CSI are sent to VLR in case of location

update or O-CSI, SS-CSI update

U-CSI: USSD-CSI SS-CSI: Supplementary Service_CSI

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 CAMEL Phase I Architecture
Home Network
 O/T-CSI is sent to GMSC when HLR responds to a
request for routing information

 TIF-CSI, U-CSI and UG-CSI are stored in HLR only.

 HLR may provide an interface towards gsmSCF for Any

Time Interrogation
SS-CSI: Supplementary Service – CSI
TIF-CSI: translation information flag – CSI, subscriber data indicate that
when subscriber register a forward-to number, that HLR shall not
attempt to perform any translation, number format check, (Forward To
Number) FTN check, call barring check

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 CAMEL Phase I Architecture
 Interrogating Network
 Perform the interrogation of the home network for

information on treatment of terminating CAMEL calls

 Calling party of the terminating CAMEL call resides in

the interrogating network and the called party resides

in the visiting network.
 Gateway MSC (GMSC) and gsmSSF are the entities

handling of terminating CAMEL calls

 When processing the calls for subscriber requiring

CAMEL support, GMSC receive O/T-CSI from HLR. If T-

CSI exists, indicating GMSC to request instructions
from gsmSSF for further execution

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 CAMEL Phase I Architecture
 Visiting Network
 It is PLMN where the CAMEL subscriber is roaming.

 Involve handling of originating and forwarded CAMEL

calls
 May request for location information and status of the

subscriber
 Set up calls from and towards the visiting subscriber,

while handling the originating calls, VMSC detects if O-

CSI exists, if does, then initial contact to gsmSCF take
place
 When roaming to a visiting network which doesn’t

support CAMEL, home network handle the roaming

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 Relationship
 HLR-VLR interface: send CAMEL related subscriber
data to VPLMN and provision of Mobile Station
Roaming Number (MRSN), retrieve subscriber status
and location, or to suppression of announcement for
CAMEL service
 GMSC-HLR interface: used at terminating calls to
exchange routing information, subscriber status and
location, suppression of announcement
 GMSC-gsmSSF interface: internal interface, make it
easy for handling DPs

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 Relationship
 gsmSSF-gsmSCF interface: used for gsmSCF to send
instruction to gsmSSF to play tones.announcements
to the users.

 gsmSCF-HLR interface: used by gsmSCF to request

information from HLR

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 CAMEL Phase I:
Originating Basic Call State Model

O-Null&Authorize_Origination O_Exception
_Attempt_Collect-Info

DP2 Collect_Info

Analyze, Routing & Alerting

DP7 O_Answer

DP9 O_Active

O-Disconnect
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 Description of O-BCSM DPs in the MSC
CAMEL DP Type Description:
Detection
DP2 Collected_Info TDP-R Indication that the O-CSI is
analysed.
DP 4 EDP-N, EDP-R Indication that the call
Route_Select_Failur establishment failed
e
DP 5 O_Busy EDP-N, EDP-R Indication that:a busy indication is
received from the terminating
party, a not reachable event is
determined upon a cause IE in the
Note: ISUP release message
DP6 O_No_Answer EDP-N, EDP-R Indication that an application timer
BLUE
associated with the O_No_Answer
for
DP expires
phase I DP7 O_Ans wer EDP-N, EDP-R Indication that the call is accepted
BLACK and ans wered by the terminating
is added party.
In phase DP9 O_Disconnect EDP-N, EDP-R A disconnect indication is received
II from the originating party or from the
term inating party.
DP 10 O_Abandon EDP-N Indication that a disconnect
indication is received from the
originating party during the call
establishment procedure
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Originating Call Example, Phase I
MSC gsmSCF
DP2 encountered (InitialDP)

Monitor DP7 (N)(REquesrReportBCSMEvent)

Monitor DP9 (R)(REquesrReportBCSMEvent)

Continue call processing (Continue)

Check connection (ActivityTest)

Answer to connection check(activityTest Response) N: Notification

R: request
DP7 encountered (EventReportBCSM)

DP9 encountered (EventReportBCSM)

Continue call processing (Continue)

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 CAMEL Phase I:
Terminating Basic Call State Model

T-Null T_Exception

DP12 Terminating_Attempt_Authorized

Terminating Call Handling

DP15 T_Answer

DP17 T_Active

T-Disconnect
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 Description of T-BCSM DPs in the GMSC
CAMEL DP Type Description:
Detection Point:

DP12 TDP-R Indication that the T-CSI is analysed.

Terminating_Atte
mpt_Authorised
DP 13 T_Busy EDP-N, Indication that:a busy indication is received
EDP-R from the destination exchange, Not
reachable or call establishment failure event
is determined from the HLR response or
upon a cause IE in the ISUP release
message.
DP 14 EDP-N, Indication that an application timer
T_No_Answer EDP-R associated with the T_No_Answer DP
expires
DP15 T_Answer EDP-N, Call is accepted and answered by
EDP-R terminating party
DP17 EDP-N, A disconnect indication is received from the
T_Disconnect EDP-R terminating party or from the originating
party.
DP 18 EDP-N A disconnect indication is received from the
T_Abandon originating party during the call
establishment procedure
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CAMEL Phase II Architecture
Home Network
HLR MAP gsmSCF

MAP CAP
MAP CAP MAP

gsmSSF VLR gsmSSF

Incoming line GMSC Roaming leg MSC MS

Forwarded leg MO call - Outgoing leg

(or Forwarding leg)
CAP
Interrogating Network Visiting Network

gsmSRF
Home/Interrogating/Visiting Network
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 CAMEL Phase II Architecture and Relationship

 Phase II is based on phase I architecture. The basic

new component is the gsmSRF. It provides a pool of
resources for access by other network entities

 gsmSCF –gsmSRF interface: used by gsmSCF to

instruct the gsmSRF to play tones/announcement to
the users

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 CAMEL Phase II:
Originating Basic Call State Model
A

O_Null & Authorise_Origination_

O_Exception
DP10 Attempt_Collect_Info

O_Abandon

Collected_Info DP2

Route_Select_ DP4
Failure

DP5
Analyse, Routing O_Busy

& Alerting DP6

O_No_Answer
A

O_Answer DP7

DP9 O_Active

O_Disconnect
DP explanation
Please refer to former slide
Basic Call transition
Transition beyond Basic Call

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CAMEL Phase II:
Terminating Basic Call State Model
A

T_Null T_Exception
DP18

T_Abandon

Terminating_Attempt_Authorised DP12

DP13
T_Busy
Terminating Call Handling
DP14
T_No_Answer

T_Disconnect
T_Answer
DP15

DP17 T_Active
DP explanation
Please refer to former slide
Basic Call transition
Transition beyond Basic Call
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Terminating Call Example, Phase II

MSC gsmSCF
DP12 encountered (InitialDP)

Monitor DP15 (N)(REquesrReportBCSMEvent)

Monitor DP17 (R)(REquesrReportBCSMEvent)

Continue call processing (Continue)

Check connection (ActivityTest)

Answer to connection check(activityTest Response)

DP15 encountered (EventReportBCSM)

DP17 encountered (EventReportBCSM)

Continue call processing (Continue)

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An example of Virtual Private Network in
a visited network using CAMEL

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An example of VPN in a visited network
using CAMEL(Cnt)
 1. A subscriber who has a VPN service in his home network is
"roaming" in a network abroad. To call a colleague at the home
office, all he has to do is dialing the colleague's four-digit
extension number “4772”. The exchange (SSP/MSC) in the
visited network classifies the call as a "CSE event“. DP2 is
encountered, this InitialDP message contains from VMSC to
gsmSCF contains service key and other subscription
information. The set-up process is temporarily interrupted.

VPN: Virtual private networks

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An example of VPN in a visited network
using CAMEL(Cnt)
 2. gsmSCF in the home network ask VMSC to monitor the DP7
and DP9, then it translates the extension number into a B-
number for international routing and transfers the information
to the MSC in the visited network, which resumes the set-up
process.

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Reference
 3GPP TS 03.78: Customised Application for Mobile Network
Enhanced Logic phase 2
 3GPP TS 02.78: Service Definition
 Igor Faynberg, L. R. Gabuzda, T Jacobson, H.L Lu: The
development of the Wireless Intelligent Network and its Relation
to the international Intelligent Network Standards
 E. Geulen, J Hartmann: Open Service Provisioning in GSM –
What do we gain with CAMEL
 J Hartmann: The Alignment of IN and GSM
 Gerry Christensen etc. Wireless Intelligent Network

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