O D UC T I O N T O T H E

INTR
L F R E LI G I ON S A N D
WO R
BELIEF S Y S T E M S
DING THE NATURE
IN F OC US / UNDE RSTAN
WORLD RELIGIONS
OF RELIGION
 WORLD RELIGIONS IN FOCUS

•RELIGION CONTINUOUS TO PLAY

CRUCIAL ROLES IN THE WORLD OF
POLITICS IN THE 20TH CENTURY.
 WORLD RELIGIONS IN FOCUS
•CREATED THE STRONG BACKBONE THAT
HELPED SHAPE THE IMPORTANCE OF
PEACE, JUSTICE, EQUALITY, TOLERATION,
AND BROTHERHOOD.
•WHY RELIGION LINKED TO
HUMANKIND’S QUEST TO SEARCH
THE FOR THE REAL MEANING OF
LIFE AND DEATH?
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS
• 1. I BELIEVE IN THAT ____________________________________
• 2. I BELIEVE IN THAT ____________________________________
• 3. I BELIEVE IN THAT ____________________________________
• 4. I BELIEVE IN THAT ____________________________________
• 5. I BELIEVE IN THAT ____________________________________
• 6. I BELIEVE IN THAT ____________________________________
• 7. I BELIEVE IN THAT ____________________________________
• 8. I BELIEVE IN THAT ____________________________________
• 9. I BELIEVE IN THAT ____________________________________
• 10. I BELIEVE IN THAT ____________________________________
 BELIEF
•KINDS OF BELIEF
•1. MONISM- THERE IS NO REAL
DISTINCTION BETWEEN GOD AND
UNIVERSE.
KINDS OF BELIEF

2. POLYTHEISM- THE BELIEF

AND WORSHIP OF MANY GODS.
KINDS OF BELIEF

MONOTHEISM- DOCTRINE OR
BELIEF IN ONE SUPREME GOD.
KINDS OF BELIEF

ATHEISM- DISBELIEF IN OR DENIAL

OF THE EXISTENCE OF A PERSONAL
GOD.
KINDS OF BELIEF

AGNOSTICISM- GOD CANNOT BE

KNOWN.
THEISM

•OFTEN USED AS A SYNONYM TO MONOTHEISM IS

DEFINED AS “ A BELIEF IN THE EXISTENCE OF
ONE GOD VIEWED AS THE CREATIVE SOURCE OF
HUMAN RACE AND THE WORLD WHO
TRANSCENDS YET IMMANENT IN THE WORLD.
MONOTHEISTIC RELIGIONS
•CLAIM THAT THERE IS ONLY ONE GOD WHO HAVE
DESIGNED AND CREATED THE UNIVERSE OR MAY HAVE
DIRECTED ALL EVENTS THAT CREATED THE UNIVERSE
OR DIRECTED ALL
•THERE IS ONE SUPREMEGOD WHO IS BOTH
PERSONAL AND MORAL, AND WHO SEEKS A TOTAL AND
UNQUALIFIED RESPONSE FROM HUMANS.
MONOTHEISTIC RELIGIONS
EX.

•JUDAISM
•CHRISTIANITY &
•ISLAM
POLYTHEISTIC RELIGIONS
• RECOGNIZE MANY PRINCIPAL
GODS AMONG WHOM NO ONE IS
SUPREME.
MONISM

•ASSERTS THAT THERE IS NO GENUINE

DISTINCTION BETWEEN GOD AND THE
UNIVERSE
TWO IMPLICATIONS
1. THAT GOD IS DWELLING IN THE UNIVERSE
AS PART OF IT.
2.THE UNIVERSE DOES NOT EXIST AT ALL AS
THE REALITY BUT ONLY THE MANIFESTATION
OF GOD.
DEFINITIONS FORWARDED BY THE SOCIAL SCIENTIST
NAME OF THE SOCIAL
SCIENTIST BACKGROUND VIEW IN THE RELIGION

EDWARD ENGLISH THE BELIEF IN

ANTHROPOLOGIST; THE SPIRITUAL
BURNETT FOUNDING FIGURE
BEINGS.
OF THE SCIENCE
TAYLOR
OF SOCIAL
(1832-1917) ANTHROPOLOGY.
DEFINITIONS FORWARDED BY THE SOCIAL SCIENTIST
NAME OF THE SOCIAL
SCIENTIST BACKGROUND VIEW IN THE RELIGION

SCOTTISH SOCIAL A PROPITIATION OR

JAMES CONCILIATION OF
ANTHROPOLOGIST;
GEORGE ONE OF THE
POWERS SUPERIOR TO
MAN WHICH ARE
FOUNDING
FRAZER BELIEVED TO CONTROL
FIGURES OF
AND DIRECT THE
( 1854-1941) MODERN COURSE OF NATURE
ANTHROPOLOGY. AND OF HUMAN LIFE.
DEFINITIONS FORWARDED BY THE SOCIAL SCIENTIST
NAME OF THE SOCIAL
SCIENTIST BACKGROUND VIEW IN THE RELIGION

AN EMINENT 20TH- A BODY OF SELF-

BRONISLAW CONTAINED ACTS BEING
CENTURY POLISH
THEMSELVES THE
KASPER ANTHROPOLOGIST FULFILMENT OF THEIR
MALINOWSKI PURPOSES; AN AFFAIR OF
ALL, IN WHICH EVERYONE

(1884-1942) TAKES AN ACTIVE AND

EQUIVALENT PART.
DEFINITIONS FORWARDED BY THE SOCIAL SCIENTIST
NAME OF THE SOCIAL
SCIENTIST BACKGROUND VIEW IN THE RELIGION

FRENCH A UNIFIED SYSTEM

DAVID EMILE OF BELIEFS AND
SOCIOLOGIST
DURKHEIM PRACTICES
FATHER OF
RELATIVE TO
( 1858- 1917) SOCIOLOGY SACRED THINGS.
CHARACTERISTICS AMONG RELIGIONS
Belief in a deity’s
relationship with the
world.

Belief in a deity
Places and people
believe to be holy
RELIGION
and sacred

Way to worship a Rules followed as a

deity result of beliefs
ORIGINS OF RELIGION
•
19TH CENTURY
•ARCHAELOGIST BELIVE THAT THEY HAVE
DISCOVERED ELEMENTS OF RELIGIOUS
BELIEF PRACTICED BY HOMO SAPIENS
ALMOST 60,000 YEARS AGO.
THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF RELIGION AND THE
MAJOR PROPONENTS OF THESE THEORIES.
NAME OF THE THEORY PROPONENT EXPLANATION

ANIMISTIC EDWARD BURNETT

TYLOR
PRIMITIVE PEOPLE BELIEVED
IN SOULS OR ANIMA FOUND

THEORIES (1832-1917), ENGLISH IN PEOPLE (SEEN DREAMS)

AND IN ALL O OR HARMFUL
ANTHROPOLOGIST
TO HUMAN BEINGS, EARLY
PEOPLE HAD TO PRAY TO
THESE SPIRITS , OFFER
SACRIFICES, AND APPEASE
OR AVOID THEM.
THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF RELIGION AND THE
MAJOR PROPONENTS OF THESE THEORIES.
NAME OF THE THEORY PROPONENT EXPLANATION
IN HIS INVESTIGATION, HE FOUND
ANIMISTIC ROBERT HENRY
CODRINGTON
OUT THAT THE MALENESIAN
PEOPLE BELIEVE IN MANA, A
THEORIES (1830-1922), MYSTERIOUS FORCE THAT
ANGELICAN PRIEST INHABITED ALL OF NATURE. ALL
AND EARLY PEOPLE BEGAN THEIR
ANTHROPOLOGIST RELIGION IN COGNIZANCE OF
SUCH FORCE THE
DESTRUCTIVENESS OF THE MANA
CAN BE AVOIDED BY TABOOS.
THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF RELIGION AND THE
MAJOR PROPONENTS OF THESE THEORIES.
NAME OF THE THEORY PROPONENT EXPLANATION
• HUMAN BEING FIRST DEVELOPED THEIR
NATURE- RELIGIONS FROM THEIR OBSERVATIONS
OF THE FORCES OF NATURE.
WORSHIP • REGULARITY OF SEASONS ( THE TIDES

THEORY AND PHASES OF THE MOON)

• PRIMITIVE PEOPLE IDENTIFIED FORCES,

PERSONIFIED THEM CREATED MYTHS,
AND DEVELOPED RELIGIONS AROUND
THEM.
THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF RELIGION AND THE MAJOR
PROPONENTS OF THESE THEORIES.
EXPLANATION
NAME OF THEORY PROPONENT
•IN AUSTRALIA AND AFRICA, BASIC CULTURES HELD
A COMMON BELIEF IN A DISTANT HIGH GOD, THAT
THEORY OF WILHELM SCHMIDT
ORIGINALLY THERE HAD BEEN ONE GREAT GOD

ORIGINAL (1868-1954), ABOVE ALL OTHERS , AND THAT HE MAY HAVE

BEEN THE CREATOR OF THE WORLD OR THE
AUSTRIAN
MONOTHEISM ANTHROPOLOGIST •
FATHER OF THE MANY LESSER DEITIES.
THIS HIGH GOD WENT AWAY AND HAD LITTLE
CONTACT WITH THE WORLD THAT RESULTED IN
AND ETHNOLOGIST
MAJORITY OF ATTENTION AND WORSHIP TO
LOCAL DETIES. PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES WERE
ORIGINALLY MONOTHEISTIC, BUT BECAUSE IT
WAS DIFFICULT TO WORSHIP JUST ONE GOD,
RELIGION WAS CORRUPTED TO POLYTHEISM.
THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF RELIGION AND THE MAJOR
PROPONENTS OF THESE THEORIES.
EXPLANATION
NAME OF THEORY PROPONENT
•IN AUSTRALIA AND AFRICA, BASIC CULTURES HELD
A COMMON BELIEF IN A DISTANT HIGH GOD, THAT
WILHELM SCHMIDT
ORIGINALLY THERE HAD BEEN ONE GREAT GOD
(1868-1954), ABOVE ALL OTHERS , AND THAT HE MAY HAVE
BEEN THE CREATOR OF THE WORLD OR THE
AUSTRIAN FATHER OF THE MANY LESSER DEITIES.
ANTHROPOLOGIST • THIS HIGH GOD WENT AWAY AND HAD LITTLE
CONTACT WITH THE WORLD THAT RESULTED IN
AND ETHNOLOGIST
MAJORITY OF ATTENTION AND WORSHIP TO
LOCAL DETIES. PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES WERE
ORIGINALLY MONOTHEISTIC, BUT BECAUSE IT
WAS DIFFICULT TO WORSHIP JUST ONE GOD,
RELIGION WAS CORRUPTED TO POLYTHEISM.