MALAYSIAN AND

INDONESIAN LITERATURE
MALAYSIAN AND INDONESIAN LITERATURE

• they have a single common linguistic ancestor. Before the coming of Islam to the
region in the 14th century, Javanese had been the language of culture; afterward,
during the Islamic period, Malay became the most important language—and still
more so under later Dutch colonial rule so that, logically, it was recognized in 1949
as the official Indonesian language
MALAYSIAN AND INDONESIAN LITERATURE

• Early Malay literature was influenced by Indian epics, such as the Mahabharata
and the Ramayana
• Hikayat Mara Karma, HikayatPancaTanderan and HikayatGulBakawali
• Malay romantic tales were also sourced from the Panji cycle of Hindu Java
• By the 19th century, oral literature on the Malay peninsula was superseded by
written literature
MALAYSIAN AND INDONESIAN LITERATURE

• Works during this time ranged from theological literature and legal digests, to
romances, moral anecdotes, popular tales of Islamic prophets and even animal tales,
which were written in a number of styles ranging from religious to the Hikayat
form.
• This was attributed largely in part to the introduction of Islam to the Peninsula by
the 15th century and the adoption of the Jawi script.
• This tradition was influenced both by earlier oral traditions and Islamic literature
from the Middle East
MALAYSIAN AND INDONESIAN LITERATURE

• Division of Indonesian literature according to periods

• Chronologically Indonesian literature may be divided into several periods:
• Pujangga Lama: the "Literates of Olden Times" (traditional literature)
• SastraMelayu Lama: "Older Malay Literature"
• Angkatan Balai Pustaka: the "Generation of the [Colonial] Office for Popular
Literature" (from 1908)
• AngkatanPujanggaBaru: the "New Literates" (from 1933)
• Angkatan 1945: the "Generation of 1945"
MALAYSIAN AND INDONESIAN LITERATURE

• Angkatan 1950 - 1960-an: the "Generation of the 1950s"

• Angkatan 1966 - 1970-an: the "Generation of 1966 into the 1970s"
• Angkatan 1980-an: the "Decade of the 1980s"
• Angkatan Reformasi: the post-Suharto "Reformation Period"
• Angkatan 2000-an: the "Generation of 2000s"
MALAYSIAN AND INDONESIAN LITERATURE

• The literature produced by the Pujangga lama (literally "the old poets") was mainly
written before the 20th century, but after the coming of Islam.
• Before that time, however, there must have existed a lively oral tradition
MALAYSIAN AND INDONESIAN LITERATURE

• Genres
• In written poetry and prose, a number of traditional forms dominate, mainly:
• syair (traditional narrative poetry)
• pantun (quatrains made up of two seemingly disconnected couplets)
• gurindam (brief aphorisms)
• hikayat (stories, fairy-tales, animal fables, chronicles)
• babad (histories)
MALAYSIAN AND INDONESIAN LITERATURE

• Works
• Some of these works are:
• syairSyairBidasari, Syair Ken Tambuhan, Syair Raja MambangJauhari, Syair Raja
Siakpantun scattered items found all over the Indonesian Archipelago, and also
incorporated in other works (e.g., SejarahMelayu)
• [4]hikayatHikayat Abdullah, HikayatAndakenPenurat, HikayatBayanBudiman,
HikayatDjahidin, Hikayat Hang Tuah, HikayatKadirun, HikayatKaliladanDamina,
HikayatMasydulhak, HikayatPelandukJinaka, HikayatPandjaTanderan,
HikayatPutriDjoharManikam, HikayatTjenderaHasan, TsahibulHikayat
MALAYSIAN AND INDONESIAN LITERATURE

• In the 1920s, Indonesian literature came to be dominated by fiction (both short

stories and novels)
• and Western-style drama and poetry, which gradually replaced the earlier syair,
gurindam, pantun and hikayat
• Merari Siregar'sAzabdan Sengsara was the very first modern novel appearing in
Indonesian, constituting a break with the Malay romance tradition.
THAI LITERATURE

• Thai Traditional Literature is essentially religious

• Most of the literature in the old days consisted of works on Buddhism and Hinduism
directly or indirectly
THAI LITERATURE

• Whatever culture the Thai people brought with them from their homeland in
Southern China where they had been in contact with Chinese culture for centuries
was adapted to its later conception of Buddhism, their adopted religion
THAI LITERATURE

• Most of the works of emotive literature were written in verse in various patterns.
• Five prominent examples of such works
• 1. The Romance of Khun Chang KhunPhaen
• 2. Ramakian
• 3. The Romance of Inao
• 4. Sam Kok
• 5. Phra Aphaimani-This is a romantic tale written in verse by one of the most famous and
popular poets of Thailand.
SOURCE:

• https://www.slideshare.net/KathManarang/malaysia-and-indonesian?next_slideshow=911
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