MICRO AND

MACROSKILLS OF
WRITING
Microskills
1. Produce graphemes
and orthographic
patterns of English
2. Produce writing at an
efficient rate of speed to
suit the purpose.
 3.Produce an
acceptable grammatical
systems (e.g.
Tense , agreement ,
pluralization, patterns, and
rules.
 4. Use an acceptable
core of words and use
appropriate word order
patterns.
we need to remember that
for any type of sentence, we
normally put the verb and
object together. Some
examples are:
5. Express a particular
meaning in different
grammatical forms
Grammatical function Grammatical form Example

Subject noun Sylvia loves doughnuts.

pronoun She is tired.

noun phrase The washing machine is broken.

Object noun Eva loves linguistics.

pronoun I want it.

noun phrase She smashed my new phone.

Adverbial adverb Suddenly, the elephants continued on their way.

adverb phrase Very suddenly, the elephants continued on their way.

preposition phrase In the morning, the elephants continued on their way.

noun phrase The next day, the elephants continued on their way.

subordinate clause When they had eaten, the elephants continued on their way.
6. Use cohesive devices
in written discourse
7. Use the rhetorical forms
and conventions of written
discourse 
•It is the use of language in
a formalized way in order
to convince or have an
effect on an audience or a
reader
 8. Appropriately accomplish the
communicative functions of written
tasks according to form and purpose 
9. Convey links and connections between events,
and communicate such relations as main idea,
supporting idea, new information, given
information, generalization, and exemplification
10. Distinguish between literal
and implied meanings when
writing
•The literal meaning of
a sign is what it
denotes, while the
implied meaning is
what the sign
connotes. These
meanings, particularly
the implied meanings
require the interpreter
of a sign and the
creator of a sign to
share the same
context if the meaning
is to be interpreted
correctly.
11. Correctly convey culturally
specific references in the
context of written text
•12. Develop and use a battery of writing strategies,
such as accurately assessing the audience's
interpretation, using prewriting devices, writing with
fluency in the first drafts, using paraphrases and
synonyms, soliciting peer and instructor feedback, and
using feedback for revising and editing