Political and Leadership

Structures
Political Structure
• Is defined as the organized way in which power is distributed and
decisions are made within a society.
Power
• A status granted to individuals or institutions to properly run the
government and implement the rule of the law in a society.
Legitimacy
• Compliance to the law or to the rules.
Authority
• Legal and formal right to give orders and commands and take
decisions.
Types of Authority
• Traditional
• Rational-legal
• charismatic
Traditional Authority
• Legitimized from well- established customs, habits and social
structures.
Rational-legal Authority
• Also known as bureaucratic authority.
• Power legitimated by legally enacted rules and regulations.
Charismatic authority
• Power legitimated through extraordinary personal abilities that
inspire devotion and obedience.
Political organizations
• Were created to maintain social order.
• Political organizations include centralized and uncentralized.
Uncentralized political system
• Did not have any true power or authority to impose compliance to
societal norms.
• Bands and tribes belong to this political system.
Band
• Refers to small kin-ordered group living together in a loosely defined
geographical territory for a temporary time until sufficient resources
are gathered to sustain the group.
• Bands are egalitarian.
Tribe
• More complex and larger than a band.
• Tribes practices agriculture.
• Leaders in the tribe are merely titular.
Centralized Political systems
• Authority and power are assigned to an individual or a body of
individual.
Chiefdom
• Power and authority are bestowed to the chief because he is the
highest-ranking individual.
Nation
• Group of people that shared a common history, language, traditions,
customs, habits and ethnicity.
States
• exist in a society with a large population that resides in a clearly
bounded territory, stratified into different social classes, and
subjected to a formal government that creates and implements laws
to promote social order.
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356475395/figure/fig1/AS:
1094744885207041@1638018928851/The-branches-of-the-Philippin
e-Government-Source-https-piagovph-branches-of-govt.png
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Philippine_loc
al_government.png
• Santarita & Madrid, 2016 pp. 79-83.