Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia

WEBINAR SERIES #5

ASEAN Talk: “ASEAN, HAM, dan Kebebasan Berekspresi”

Irwansyah Mukhlis, BA, PhD
Direktorat Kerja Sama Politik dan Keamanan ASEAN
B ATA M / V i r t u a l , 2 0 O k t o b e r 2 0 2 2

www.kemlu.go.id ditks.polkamasean@kemlu.go.id

“Everyone has the right to freedom
of opinion and expression; this
right includes freedom to hold
opinions without interference and
to seek, receive and impart
information and ideas through any
media and regardless of frontiers”.
Art. 19 UDHR &
ICCPR
INTERNATIONAL NORMS ON
FREEDOM OF OPINION AND
EXPRESSION
"To promote, protect, respect, and
ensure the full enjoyment of the
right to freedom of opinion and
expression, both online and
offline, and to take all measures
necessary to put an end to, and to
prevent, violations and abuses of
the rights".
Para 8A UN
Res/DHR on FOE
Meski didukung <50 negara di
dunia, resolusi terkini FOE lebih
dapat diterima oleh negara-negara
Uni Eropa. Hal ini bertentangan
dengan posisi AS, Rusia, RRT dan
negara-negara di Asia yang
mayoritas menekankan pada
pembatasan FOE (tidak absolut),
terutama bila FOE bertentangan
dengan national security, national
harmony, dan kemaslahatan
masyarakat seperti kesehatan
publik dll.
 FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION: HOW FREE?
"To call upon states to refrain from
using national security and public
health laws to restrict the right to
"Everyone has duties to the community in which freedom of opinion and
alone the free and full development of his
expression… by ensuring that all
measures taken to counter threats
personality is possible".
related to terrorism, violent
"Everyone shall be subject only to such limitations
extremism, and public health are
as are determined by law solely for the purpose of
in full compliance with "Ensuring that relevant national
securing due recognition and respect for the rights
international human rights legislation complies with their
and freedoms of others and of meeting the just obligations, including the international human rights
requirements of morality, public order, and the principles of lawfulness, obligations and is effectively
general welfare in a democratic society". legitimacy, necessity & implemented".
proportionality”.

Para 8F UN Para 8A UN
Art. 29 UDHR
Resolution on FOE Res/DHR on FOE
To affirms that the same rights that people have
offline must also be protected online, in particular
freedom of expression, which is applicable
regardless of frontiers and through any media of
one’s choice, in accordance with article 19 of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and of the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

OP 1 on UN/DHR Resolution on promotion, protection

and enjoyment of human rights on the Internet, 2016.
RIGHTS TO PRIVACY IN DIGITAL AGE (2021)
Art. 3 UN Resolution
Right to Privacy in Digital Age: Peningkatan teknologi baru tanpa
2015-2020 pengamanan yang baik dapat berdampak pada hak privasi dan HAM.

Zero co-sponsor dari Anggota ASEAN

Tidak ada satupun ASEAN Member States (AMS) menjadi co-
sponsor pada resolusi dimaksud.

Annual Report OHCHR on Rights to

Privacy in Digital Age
09/2021 Dampak artificial intelligence (AI) berpotensi melanggar privasi
individu dalam mengumpulkan dan mengolah data.
 Human Rights & Artificial Limitations on Artifical
Intelligence Intelligence
• Perlu perlindungan & penegakkan HAM • Larang aplikasi AI yang tidak sesuai hukum
dalam pengembangan dan penggunaan AI; & HAM internasional.
• Perlu pastikan penggunaan AI sesuai dengan
HAM dan diatur oleh ketentuan hukum yang
berlaku.

Recommendations...
 4 AMS are not state Civic & Democratic Increasing number of
party to ICCPR: BD, Space in ASEAN is digital crimes relating
MY, MM, SG. getting smaller. to FOEs.

2 4 6
Freedom of
Opinion &
Expression
in ASEAN

1 3 5
Art. 23 ASEAN Human No AMS co-sponsor Issue of Absolute
Rights Declaration Art. 3 UN Res on Freedom for Human
(AHRD). DHAM Council Rights Defenders.
(06/2020).
 RIGHTS TO PRIVACY IN ASEAN
• Law on Cyber Information Security (2015)
• Kudeta Militer
menyebabkan
• Law on Protection of
pemblokiran situs Electronic Data (2017)
dan akun sosial
media • Data Privacy Act (2012)

• Data Protection Policy (2014)

• Personal Data Protection

Act (2010)
• Personal Data
Protection Act
(2012)

• Pasal 26 UU ITE (2020)

 Indonesia's Active
Participation on Pushing
Forward the Freedom of
Expression in ASEAN
• ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights
(AICHR) pada akhir 2019 selenggarakan AICHR Regional
Consultation on Freedom of Expression, Opinion and
Information (FOEI) in ASEAN di Bali.

• Beberapa rekomendasi yang ditawarkan a.l. reviu kebijakan,

inisiatif dan mekanisme ASEAN terhadap FOEI, termasuk di
bidang cybersecurity.
FOE, FORB, RTD adalah priority programme
AICHR yang berkelanjutan sebagai bagian
kepentingan Indonesia di ASEAN.
Cybersecurity
Cooperation under
ASEAN Political-Security
Pillar
SOMTC Working Group on
Cybersecurity

ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF),

especially through ASEAN Regional
Forum Intersessional Meeting on Security
of & in the Use of Information and
Communications Technologies (ISM on
ICTs Security)
Ways forward
on pushing
through Human PENINGKATAN
AWARENESS
PENINGKATAN
KAPASITAS
Rights &
Freedom of
Expression in
ASEAN PENGEMBANGA
N INSTRUMEN
MENDORONG
AMS RATIFIKASI
ICCPR
Ways forward PENINGKATAN
AWARENESS
PENINGKATAN
KAPASITAS

on pushing • Vibrant Civil Society

& Democracy
• SOMTC WG on CC
• ARF ISM on ICTs
through Human • Watchdog/
Whistleblower
• Check & Balances
and Security

Rights &
Freedom of PENGEMBANGA RATIFIKASI

Expression in
N INSTRUMEN ICCPR
• ASEAN ICT Masterplan
2020 Mengkaji kemungkinan

ASEAN • ASEAN Digital

Integration Framework
• ASEAN Framework on
negara-negara ASEAN
lainnya untuk menjadi
co-sponsor resolusi FOE
Personal Data Protection
& Right to Privacy.
 Kementerian Luar Negeri Indonesia

TERIMA KASIH
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