Group 4 Values Ed 104 Tanauan and Lipa City 1

Values Education 104
Philosophical and Ethical Foundations

of Values Education
October 15, 2022 via Google Meet

of Values Education Values Education 104
Group III - BRAVEHEARTS

Rodel Abacano- Castillo
– Tanauan City
Liza Moreno- Dimaligaya
–Lipa City
Haynafer Junsay-Oliveria
- Lipa City
October 15, 2022
October 15, 2022

(1809 -1882)
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October 15, 2022

October 15, 2022

October 15, 2022

Darwinism designates a distinctive form of evolutionary

explanation for the history and diversity of life on earth. Its original
formulation is provided in the first edition of On the Origin of
Species in 1859. This entry first formulates ‘Darwin’s Darwinism’
in terms of five philosophically distinctive themes:
(i) probability and chance,
(ii) the nature, power and scope of selection,
(iii) adaptation and teleology,
(iv) nominalism vs. essentialism about species and
(v) the tempo and mode of evolutionary change .
October 15, 2022
10 MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
OF CHARLES DARWIN
1. Darwin did important work during H.M.S. Beagle’s five-year voyage around
the globe
2. He solved the mystery of the formation of coral reefs and atolls
3. He wrote a popular book on his travels known as the voyage of the beagle
4. Charles Darwin independently conceived the theory of natural selection in
1838
5. Along with Alfred Russel, he is credited for discovering the theory of natural
selection
October 15, 2022

10 MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
OF CHARLES DARWIN
6. Darwin’s book origin of species deeply influenced western society and
thought.
7. His work laid the foundation of evolutionary biology.
8. He did ground-breaking work regarding the evolution of plants.
9. Charles Darwin put forth the concept of sexual selection.
10. Darwin wrote numerous books which had a considerable impact on diverse
fields.
October 15, 2022

How do you present

the theory of
Darwin? Do you
agree with him?
Why?
October 15, 2022
I agree with Charles Darwin's

Theory of Evolution if one will look
at Line of Evidences such as
homologous and analogous
anatomy, physiological aspects,
biogeography and molecular
genetics similarities that supports
the theory one will likely see that
organisms emerged from single
ancestor.
October 15, 2022

Pierre Theilhard de Chardin- (1881-1955)
October 15, 2022

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin was a Jesuit paleontologist who

worked to understand evolution and faith.
* He was born May 1, 1881 and died on April 10, 1955.
* Participated in a life that included priesthood, living and
working in the front lines of war, field work exploring the
early origins of humanity, and adventurous travels of
discovery in the backlands of China.
* Participated fully in an intellectual life through the
development of his imaginative, mystical writings on the
evolutionary nature of the world and the cosmos.
October 15, 2022

No matter how trying the times, Teilhard continued to

develop his positive vision by writing some of his most
important works:
The Divine Milieu (1927),
The Vision of the Past (1935),
Building the Earth (1937),
The Phenomena of Man (1940), and
The Future of Man (1941).
October 15, 2022
October 15, 2022

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He believed that through love all

individuals with matter, energy, and
power, would be synthesized to a
universal form of mind and matter. He
called the origin of all things the "Alpha
point," and "Omega" identified the
center, which radiated at the core of a
system of centers.
October 15, 2022

How did Chardin

understand
evolution?
How did he relate
evolution with God?
October 15, 2022
Teilhard recognized that every

act of evolving nature is the
self-expression of God, since
the very act of nature’s
transcendence is the energy of
divine love. This is the very
process of creation itself in
evolution. God unfolds in the
details of nature; thus,
evolution is not only of God
but is God incarnate.
October 15, 2022
De Chardin's beliefs are a synthesis of religion and

science, resulting in a theory somewhat
resembling Christian Science. He conceived
mankind to be an unfinished product of past
evolution and firmly believed that in the future he
would become a transcendent result of biological
and psychosocial development. After his attempt
to explain his futuristic perceptions of God and
science, his superiors not only ordered him to
cease writing philosophical subjects but refused to
allow the publication of his manuscripts.
October 15, 2022

(1905-1980)
October 1, 2022
October 15, 2022

As a child, Sartre was small

and cross-eyed — features
which followed him through
life — and thus he was
generally unsuited for the
activities of more ordinary
children. Perhaps because of
his physical limitations and
irregular family life, he learned
early to assess people and
events from a detached,
systematic viewpoint.
October 15, 2022
Jean-Paul Sartre
In 1964 he declined the

Nobel Prize for Literature, which
had been awarded to him “for his
work which, rich in ideas and
filled with the spirit of freedom
and the quest for truth, has
exerted a far-reaching influence
on our age.” He did not believe in
official marriage.
October 15, 2022
Jean Paul-Sartre Contributions:

1. System of Existentialism - an
ensemble of ideas describing
human freedom and
responsibilities within a
framework of human dignity.
October 15, 2022

Existentialism is a form of
philosophical inquiry that
explores the problem of human
existence and centers on the
subjective experience of thinking,
feeling, and acting. Existentialist
thinkers frequently explore issues
related to the meaning, purpose,
and value of human existence.
October 15, 2022

An atheistic
existentialist is
concerned with an
individual's choices
in a Godless
universe
October 15, 2022
"Man is condemned to be
free; because once thrown into
the world, he is responsible
for everything he does." Jean-
Paul Sartre believed that human
beings live in constant anguish, not
solely because life is miserable, but
because we are 'condemned to be
free’
October 15, 2022

2. His first major breakthrough as a

writer came in 1938 with his
novel Nausea, which some critics
feel is his best work. Based on the
principle that man experiences a
sensation of "nausea" when
confronted with a meaningless and
irrational universe.
October 15, 2022

3. In 1943, Sartre presented his

first play, The Flies, as well as his
monumental philosophical treatise,
Being and Nothingness, both of
which established him as one of
France's most profound and gifted
writers.
October 15, 2022

4. A year later, he wrote No Exit,

another attempt to reveal his
ideas about freedom and the
human condition.
October 15, 2022


5. The Roads to Freedom (1945).
6. The Age of Reason
7. The Reprieve
8. Iron in the Soul. At that time
9. The Respectable Prostitute, 1946;
10. The Chips are Down, 1947
11. Dirty Hands, 1948,
October 15, 2022

Did Sartre believe

that man as a nature?
What is human
Nature for Sartre?
October 15, 2022

Existentialists believe
that human nature is a
blank slate, so to speak.
This means that humans
don't have an inherent
nature that they behave in
accordance with.
October 15, 2022

Human nature is the

sum total of our species
identity, the mental,
physical, and
spiritual characteristics
that make humans
uniquely and well.
October 15, 2022
The existential approach considers

human nature to be open-ended,
flexible and capable of an enormous
range of experience. The person is in
a constant process of becoming. I
create myself as I exist. There is no
essential, solid self, no given
definition of one's personality and
abilities.
October 1, 2022
Existentialism lays stress on

the existence of humans;
Sartre believed that human
existence is the result of chance
or accident. There is no
meaning or purpose of our lives
other than what our freedom
creates, therefore, we must rely
on our own resources.
October 1, 2022
J. P. Sartre believes that

man is free to choose and
whatever choice he makes, he
must be responsible for the
outcome.
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October 15, 2022

Why do we live?
What do we live for?
What is the ultimate sense in

continuing to exist on earth?
October 15, 2022
Karl Jaspers ( 1883-1968)
October 15, 2022

Philosophy of Existentialism
According to Jaspers…
philosophy does not need to justify itself on
the grounds of its being useful for some other
mode of activity.
Philosophy is a search for truth and is an

attempt to communicate this search to all of
humankind.
Philosophy is an expression of the universal

aims of human society. Karl Jaspers, Way to Wisdom: An Introduction to Philosophy, translated by Ralph Manheim
1
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954), p. 7.
October 15, 2022

Three events are key to Jasper’s formation as an existentialist
1 Early in his childhood, Japer was diagnosed with a lung disease-

bronchiectasis- a chronic illness that would impede his physical ability to
function throughout his life
2 The deep personal relationship he had with his Jewish wife,

Getrude.
The Holocaust perpetrated by the Nazi regime over the Jewish
3 race and the agonizing effect of this experience made a lasting
impression on him.
October 15, 2022
Philosophy of Existentialism
The individual faces a choice:

sink into despair and resignation, or take a leap of faith
toward what Jaspers calls Transcendence.
In making this leap, individuals confront their own
limitless freedom (Boundaries), which Jaspers
calls Existenz, and can finally experience authentic
existence
October 15, 2022

How did Jaspers

elaborate the idea
that only man is an
existent being?
October 15, 2022

Jaspers argues that the concept of human

freedom without God, in which the will to
make free choices is perceived as if it
were independent of God, is a concept of
nothingness.
If we acknowledge that we depend on
God for our being, and if we accept
responsibility for making our own free
choices, then our awareness of our own
freedom becomes an awareness of God.
October 15, 2022

(1815 – 1885)
October 15, 2022

Søren Kierkegaard, in full name

is Søren Aabye Kierkegaard,
(born May 5, 1813, Copenhagen, Den.
—died Nov. 11, 1855, Copenhagen),
Danish philosopher, theologian, and
cultural critic who was a major
influence on existentialism and
Protestant theology in the 20th
century.
October 15, 2022

October 15, 2022

Soren Kierkegaard (1815 – 1885)

What the various goals of aesthetic
existence have in common is that they
have nothing to do with right and wrong.
The criteria by which the good life is
defined are premoral, unconcerned with
good and evil. A stage or sphere of
existence, then, is a fundamental project,
a form of life, a mode of being-in-the-
world that defines success in life by its
own distinctive criteria.
October 15, 2022
October 15, 2022

When can man find

an authentic
meaning of his
existence according
to Kierkegaard?
October 15, 2022
From Kierkegaard’s religious perspective,

however, the conceptual distinction between
good and evil is ultimately dependent not on
social norms but on God. In order to obey we
first need to cultivate faith, since obedience to a
divine command is nonsense unless we at least
believe the command has come from God.
We need to cultivate hope, patience, devotion,

and above all love. But we also need to be
vigilant about our capacity for self-deception
and be prepared to suffer for love and for our
ultimate spiritual identity.
October 15, 2022
(1905 – 1997)
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October 15, 2022

What does Frankl

mean when he said
that people who have
why’s in life will over
life?
October 15, 2022
“What man needs is not a tensionless state

but rather the striving and struggling for some
goal worthy of him.
Frankl encourages people to answer life and

find one’s own unique meaning in life.
What he needs is not the discharge of tension

at any cost, but the call of a potential meaning
waiting to be fulfilled by him.” Striving to find
meaning in one’s life is the primary
motivational force in man.
October 15, 2022
October 15, 2022

October 15, 2022

Hinduism embraces many

religious ideas. For this
reason, it’s sometimes
referred to as a “way of life”
or a “family of religions,” as
opposed to a single,
organized religion.
October 15, 2022
 Most forms of Hinduism are

henotheistic, which means they
worship a single deity, known as
“Brahman,” but still recognize other
gods and goddesses. Followers believe
there are multiple paths to reaching
their god.
 Hindus believe in the doctrines of
samsara (the continuous cycle of life,
death, and reincarnation) and karma
(the universal law of cause and effect).
October 15, 2022
 One of the key thoughts of Hinduism is “atman,”

or the belief in soul. This philosophy holds that
living creatures have a soul, and they’re all part
of the supreme soul. The goal is to achieve
“moksha,” or salvation, which ends the cycle of
rebirths to become part of the absolute soul.
 One fundamental principle of the religion is the
idea that people’s actions and thoughts directly
determine their current life and future lives.
Hindus strive to achieve dharma, which is a code of
living that emphasizes good conduct and morality.
October 15, 2022

- Maam Liza
October 15, 2022
Karma- What is karma in human life?

When most people talk about karma,
they're likely referring to the great
law of cause and effect, Patel says.
According to this law, whatever
thoughts or energy you put out, you
get back — good or bad. In order to
get what you want, you have to
embody and be worthy of those
things
October 15, 2022
Dharma- truth is the highest

dharma and the source of all
other virtues. I will follow my
dharma and see where it takes
me. The word dharma may be
loosely translated as right
conduct and behavior, which is
the result of right knowledge.

October 15, 2022
Reincarnation_A reincarnation is a
person or animal whose body is
believed to contain the spirit of a
dead person. Reincarnation is the
religious or philosophical belief that
the soul or spirit, after biological
death, begins a new life in a new
body that may be human, animal or
spiritual depending on the moral
quality of the previous life's actions.
October 15, 2022
October 15, 2022

Confucianism
Is as a guide to moral and ethical behavior in the form of a philosophy.
The Confucianism central beliefs are based on the ethical values that every individual must
possess. Its beliefs on afterlife discouraged thought of thinking about life after death. Confucius
stated that thinking about life after death was beyond human understanding and one should not
worry about it. Instead one must concentrate on living life in a harmonious manner.
Confucianism emphasizes correct behavior and stresses the importance of avoiding conflict,
responsibility to community and obedience and deference to elders.
October 15, 2022

Confucianism
Confucianism is based on words
attributed to Confucius (Kongzi, 551-479
B.C.), regarded as the first great educator,
philosopher, and statesman of China, and
his followers, including Mencius
(Mengzi, 372-289 B.C.), a political
thinker who espoused benevolence and
supported democratic ideas.
October 15, 2022

Confucianism
Confucianism strongly emphasizes:
 Mercy
 Social order
 Fulfillment of Responsibilities
October 15, 2022

Confucianism
Central Ethical Principal
“Ren” is the central ethical principle, and is equivalent

to the concepts love, mercy, and humanity. It is best
explicated by Confucius in the following statement: “Do
not do to others what you do not want done to
yourself.”
October 15, 2022

Confucianism
There are five principles around which Confucianism
revolves
• Jen
• Li
• Xin,
• Chung
• Yi.
October 15, 2022
October 15, 2022

Taoism
Taoism (or Daoism) is a philosophy
that originated in ancient China
Tao means “the way,”
Dao is the process of reality itself, the

way things come together, while still
transforming.
This philosophy, which some

consider a religion, teaches how to
live in harmony with the world.
October 15, 2022

Taoism
Taoism, comes from Ancient
China and the writings of
philosophers like Laozi, who
lived during the 5th or 4th
century BCE. T
Laozi explains how to act in
accordance with the alternating
cycles of nature.
October 15, 2022

Taoism
Principles of Taoism
1. Yin at Yang
2. Chi
3. Tao
4. Wu Wei
5. Pu
6. De
October 15, 2022

1. SIMPLICITY, PATIENCE, COMPASSION

“Simplicity, patience, compassion. These three
are your greatest treasures. Simple in actions and
thoughts, you return to the source of being.
Patient with both friends and enemies, you accord
with the way things are. Compassionate toward
yourself, you reconcile all beings in the world.”
October 15, 2022

2. GOING WITH THE FLOW

“When nothing is done, nothing is left
undone.”
October 15, 2022

3. LETTING GO
“If you realize that all things change,
there is nothing you will try to hold on to.
If you are not afraid of dying, there is
nothing you cannot achieve.”
October 15, 2022

4. HARMONY
“Tao engenders One; One engenders
Two; Two engenders Three; Three
engenders all things. All things carry the
yin (femininity) while embrace the yang
(masculinity). Neutralising energy brings
them into harmony.”
October 15, 2022

References
https://study.com/academy/lesson/confucianism-definition-bel
iefs-history.html
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/common-vie
w/confucianism-beliefs-23417/
https://geriatrics.stanford.edu/ethnomed/chinese/fund/beliefs.
html
https://gohighbrow.com/philosophy-of-taoism/
https://iep.utm.edu/daoismdaoist-philosophy/
https://www.goodnet.org/articles/these-4-teachings-daoism-will-help-you-navigate-life
October 15, 2022

References
www.google.com/search?q=charles+darwin+theory+of+evolution+ppt&hl=fil&sxsrf=ALiCzsaAXsoVUnLYiO7i_1bc
9ViqXciEYg:1664346648851&sourc
https://www.google.com/search?q=charles+darwin+theory+of+evolution+ppt&hl=fil&sxsrf=ALiCzsaAXsoVUnLYi
O7i_1bc9ViqXciEYg:1664346648851&source=lnms&tb
https://web.facebook.com/earthshakerph/photos/a.1977128075674653/3723361571051286/?
type=3&_rdc=1&_rdr
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/darwinism/
azquotes.com
https://www.christiancentury.org/article/critical-essay/pierre-teilhard-de-chardins-theological-trouble
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sartre/
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/jaspers/
https://www.pursuit-of-happiness.org/history-of-happiness/viktor-frankl/
October 15, 2022


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Values Education 104

Philosophical and Ethical Foundations

October 15, 2022 via Google Meet

Group III - BRAVEHEARTS

October 15, 2022

October 15, 2022

October 15, 2022

October 15, 2022

Darwinism designates a distinctive form of evolutionary

October 15, 2022

October 15, 2022

How do you present

I agree with Charles Darwin's

October 15, 2022

Pierre Theilhard de Chardin- (1881-1955)

October 15, 2022

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin was a Jesuit paleontologist who

October 15, 2022

No matter how trying the times, Teilhard continued to

October 15, 2022

October 15, 2022

He believed that through love all

October 15, 2022

How did Chardin

Teilhard recognized that every

De Chardin's beliefs are a synthesis of re­ligion and

October 15, 2022

October 15, 2022

As a child, Sartre was small

In 1964 he declined the

Jean Paul-Sartre Contributions:

October 15, 2022

October 15, 2022

October 15, 2022

Jean Paul-Sartre Contributions:

2. His first major breakthrough as a

October 15, 2022

Jean Paul-Sartre Contributions:

3. In 1943, Sartre presented his

October 15, 2022

Jean Paul-Sartre Contributions:

4. A year later, he wrote No Exit,

October 15, 2022

Jean Paul-Sartre Contributions:

October 15, 2022

Did Sartre believe

October 15, 2022

October 15, 2022

Human nature is the

The existential approach considers

Existentialism lays stress on

J. P. Sartre believes that

October 15, 2022

What do we live for?

What is the ultimate sense in

Karl Jaspers ( 1883-1968)

October 15, 2022

Philosophy is a search for truth and is an

Philosophy is an expression of the universal

(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954), p. 7.

October 15, 2022

Three events are key to Jasper’s formation as an existentialist

1 Early in his childhood, Japer was diagnosed with a lung disease-

De Chardin's beliefs are a synthesis of religion and