ORAL PRESENTATION

1. The interpretive Dynamics of Society

2. Aspects of culture
3. Biological and culture Evolution: From Australopithecus to Homo Sapiens
4. Sociocultural and political Evolution: the Development of Societies from the Hunting and
Gathering to the Agricultural, Industrial and Post-Industrial Stage
5. Enculturation and socialization
6. Conformity and Deviance
7. Social Groups
8. Cultural, Social and Political Institutions: Kinship, Marriage and the Household
9. Political and Leadership Structures
10.Economic Institutions
11.Nonstate Institution and Organizations
12.Education
13.Religion and Belief Systems
14.Health System
15.Social and Political Stratification
16.Sources of Change and New challenges to human Adaptation
17.Responding to social, political and cultural change
Presented by:
Sir Caloy
1. Identify the subjects of inquiry and goals of Anthropology
2. Explain anthropological perspectives on culture
3. Describe culture as a complex whole.
4. Identify aspects of culture and society.
5. Raisee questions toward a holistic appreciation of cultures and
society.
6. Recognize the Value of Anthropology for the 21st Century
• Anthropology
- promotes a holistic study of humans.
-Derived from two Greek words
-Antropos (Human)
-Logos (Study)
• Anthropology seeks to answer this primary
question:
• What does it mean to be Human?
• Anthropology studies human as both
-Biological and Social Creatures.
Another Key Element that makes Anthropology
holistic is its Research Time Frame, which ranges
from the evolution of humans as a species to our
current development.
Anthropology study also
-Ethnic Groupings and Geological
Locations.
It can be defined as
“the study of people—their origins, their
development, and variations,
wherever and whenever they have been found on
contemporary
the face of the earth” (Ember, Ember, and
Peregrine, 2010).
 Archeology
Cultural Anthropology
Linguistic Anthropology
Physical Anthropology
Applied
Anthropology
Examines the remains of
ancient and historical human
populations to promote an
understanding of how humans
adapted to their environment
and developed.
Promote to study of a
society’s culture through their
belief systems, practices, and
possessions.
Examines the langguage
of a group of people and
its relation to their
culture.
Looks into the Biological
Development of Humans
and their contemporary
variation.
Attempts to solve contemporary
problems through the
application of theories and
approaches of the discipline.
During the 19th century,
anthropologists, were
often from Western
Societies.
One of the Classic studies
in Anthropology, Tristes
Tropiques, was made by
Claude Levi- Strauss, A
French Anthropologist.
This work Presented the
lives of a nonmodern
society in Brazil.
Claude Levi-Strauss
In the Advent of 21st century, human
experiences diversified, nad as
globalization’s effects were felt in almost
all societies.

Anthropology extended its study to

cultural and subcultural groups in
industrialized societies.
Deviance and Social Organization,
were studied by anthropologist.

Philippe Bourgois, a professor of

Anthropology at the University of
Pennsylvania, studied the lives of
street-level drud dealers.
Philippe Bourgois
Anthropologist need to
establish rapport with their
host Societies before they can
extract the life stories of
people.
Key Informants are individuals
in a society who have
significant knowledge on the
topic being studied by the
Anthropologist.
Anthropologists also use
PARTCIPANT-OBSERVATION
METHODS
Which entail on the participation
of the researcher on the daily
practices and rituals of the group
being studied.
The Both Anthropologists
Levi-Strauss and Bourgois stay
in the field for more than TWO
YEARS and live in the
communities that they were
documenting.
Is Everything that a person
Learns as a member of a
society.
CULTURE IS EVERYTHING.
It is the person has, does,
and thinks as a part of
society.
Implies all Belief system, Set
of Behavior and material
Possessions.
Culture is a powerful agent in
shaping the decisions and
actions of humans, given
situation.
Consist of the Material and
Non-Material
Includes all the tangible and visible parts pf
culture, which includes foods, clothes, and
even buildings. Material culture differ, as
each society is configured by it’s
environment and history(e.g. Culinary
Culture of the Philippines) is different
from even that of it’s neighbors in Asia
such as Japan. The difference of material
culture is becoming less visible due to
globalization.
Includes all Intangible parts of the culture
such as values, Ideas, and Knowledge.
Just like Material Culture, the belief and
value systems of societies differ from one
another based on their environment and
history.
Values are concept that are culturally
determined; it separates what is
acceptable from that which is taboo.
On the other hand, beliefs are culturally
approved truths that deal with the
specific parts of human life, for
example, the belief in the phrase
“bahala na”, which was derived from
the older phrase “bathala na”, supports
the religious values system that is
present in the society.
Culture is a set of Beliefs,
Attitudes, and Practices that an
Individual learns through
his/her family, school, chruch,
and other social institutions.
Enculturation- The process of
Learning your own culture

As you interact with your

immediate family and peers,
you learn the values and
accepted behaviors in your
society.
Acculturation- culture can be
modified to accommodate desirable
traits from other cultures.
Ex.
Inclination of some Filipinos towards
some elements of Korean culture has
led to the acceptance of Korean Pop
songs despite their performed in a
foreign language
Deculturation- when the
culture of the older generation
comes into conflict with the
needs and realities of the
younger generation.
Ex. Tradition in Japan that
Imposes imense obligation of the
first born child to be the model
child for his/her siblings has been
found as an instigator of two
phenomena:high child suicide
rate and high educational
attainment rate among
adolescents.
• Implies that a particular behavior
cannot be considered as a culture if
there is only one person practicing
it.
• Shared Intergenerationally.
• Hence, to share a culture, it must
be taught to members of
contemporary society who will,
in turn, teach the younger
generation.
Culture of Parent’s Culture of
Society Culture of Individual Interacting Society

Set of Knowledge and Behaviors that corresponds to the

combined culture of his/her parents and that of the adopted
society.
Humans are born in to cultures that have
values on beauty and body. Among the Mursi
tribe of Ethiopia in Africa, wearing lip plates
is a sign of BEAUTY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
WOMEN are
Expected to wear
Them to appear
Desirable to men.
 One of the most
popular traditions
in China is that
FOOT BINDING
Among women that
ensures their potential for Good marriage.
Other name for Foot binding is “Lotus Feet”
with the ideal 7.5
length centimeter(3 inches). This
disfigurement renders women who underwent
the procedur crippled and unable to participate
in many social events of their communities.
The Interaction between
Physiology and Culture is not
Unilateral. As a Culture Affects
the Physical Traits of a Person,
Culture can be defined by the
normative physical
characteristics of humans.
Culture is a tool for survival that
humans use in response to the
pressures of their environment.
Material and Non Material both
influence by the goal of humans
to address their needs as dictated
by their biology and environment
The Inuits of Arctic
Region are well-
Known for building
Igloos during
fishing and hunting
Expeditions. This Dome-shaped homes
provide shelter for the mobile group
During Summer, they use tupiqs, which are tents
made of animal skin, as their contemporary homes.
In MUSLIMS, the consumption of pork is not
allowed, so cattle is one of their primary source of
meat.
In India, on the other hand, cows are venerated, so
consuming beef is considered taboo.
 According to Marvin Harris, these taboos are
responses to the environmental pressures on food
supply in these areas.
Culture can Also cause problems for
the people who subscribe to it.
These problems arise when the
environment has changed and
culture has remained the same (e.g. car
culture) present in most
societies is getting maladaptive as
the environment gets polluted.
 The car Industry remains active despite the economic turmoil it
faces as a developing country. This culture is highly maladaptive
given the roads that cater to vehicles are not wide enough.
The Final Characteristic of Culture is
that never static. This Dynamism of
Culture is due to the changing needs
of humans as they interpret and
survive in their environment.
 THEORY PERSPECTIVE ON CULTURE
CULTURAL EVOLUTIONISM All cultures undergo the same development stages in
The same order. The main classification include
Savagery, barbarism, and civilization
DIFFUSIONISM All societies change as a result of cultural borrowing
From one another
HISTORICISM Each culture is unique and must be studied in its
own context

PSYCHOLOGICAL Personality is largely seen to be the result of learning

ANTHROPOLOGY Culture.

Society is thought to be like a biological organism With

all of the parts interconnected. Existing institutional
structures of any society are thought to perform
FUNCTIONALISM indispensable functions, without which the Society
could not continue.
THEORY PERSPECTIVE ON
CULTURE

Culture is said to be shaped by environmental

NEO-EVOLUTIONISM and technological conditions. Cultures evolve when
people are able to increase the amount of energy under
their control.

Culture is the product of the “material conditions” in

MATERIALISM which a given community of people finds itself.
The Key Strength of Anthropology as a
Discipline of the Social Science is its
Holistic Approach to the study of
humans.
It is Holistic in the sense that it studies:

(1) Humans, both as biological and

social creatures.
(2) Human Behavior from the time the
species existed to the time that it will
desist,
(3) Human Behavior from all reqions of
the world, and
(4) All forms of human actions and
beliefs
With the discipline’s engagement with the
ordinary and the mundane parts of human
interaction, ANTHROPOLOGY provides
a degree of keenness to its learner such
that everyday things are contextualized
and understood within the frame of
culture. This develop acuity among
students of anthropology