Triple X

Syndrome
A.M.D.G.

INSTITUTO SAGRADO CORAZÓN (L.H.)

TRIPLE X-SYNDROME
BIOLOGY CLASS

TEACHER: EMILIO VASQUEZ

MEMBERS:

ANA FERNANDA PONCE PACHECO

ANA RAQUEL SALGADO ARTICA

MARÍA LAURA HERNÁNDEZ SANDOVAL

GRADE: 10TH SECTION: B

DATE: FRIDAY-14-10-2022
Introduction
Triple X syndrome is a genetic condition where a female is born with an extra X chromosome. This
condition only happens in females. It can be passed down from a parent or happen spontaneously.
Females with triple X syndrome may have no symptoms and not know they have the condition, or their
symptoms could include being usually tall and having fertility issues. There’s no cure for triple X
syndrome.
 Triple X Syndrome
Males and females are usually born with 46 chromosomes total, arranged in 23
pairs. One copy of each chromosome in the pair comes from the mother, and
the other comes from the father. The 23rd chromosome pair is known as the sex
chromosomes.

Normally, females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X

chromosome and one Y chromosome. Triple X syndrome happens when a
female is born with an extra X chromosome, and therefore has a total of 47
chromosomes.
Without Triple X With Triple X
 Who discovered
it?
Trisomy X syndrome was first described in 1959 by
Dr. Patricia Jacobs and colleagues in a 35-year-old
woman with normal intellectual abilities and
infertility who developed secondary amenorrhea at
19 years of age.

Since this first case was described, several hundred

cases have been reported with wide phenotypic
variability in medical, psychological, and
developmental features. Many early descriptions of
trisomy X were biased by patients ascertained
related to clinical features.
Symptoms

Describe en qué consiste esta

sección si lo necesitas

Signs and symptoms can vary greatly among girls and women with triple X syndrome. Many
experience no noticeable effects or have only mild symptoms.
 PHYSICAL FEATURES
 Being taller than the average height is the most
typical physical feature
 Wide-spaced eyes (known as hypertelorism).

 Vertical skin folds that cover the inner corners

of the eyes (known as epicanthal folds).

 Curved or bent little fingers (known as

clinodactyly).

 Poor muscle tone (known as hypotonia).

 MEDICAL
PROBLEMS
 Premature ovarian aging or failure (fertility
problems).

 Genito-urinary deformities or malfunctions.

 Seizures.

 Differences in heart structure.

 Autoimmune conditions, such as

hypothyroidism.
 COGNITIVE PROBLEMS
 Delayed development of speech and language skills
 Learning disabilities
 Behavioral problems, such as
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or
symptoms of autism spectrum disorder
 Psychological problems
 Problems with fine and gross motor skills
 Diagnosis
If a genetic test is ordered, the pediatrician or other healthcare professional will take a blood
sample for testing. These tests can include:

 Karyotype or chromosome microarray: This is used to assess the person for the

presence of an extra X chromosome and to determine the degree of mosaicism (if
any).
 Prenatal genetic testing: During pregnancy, a sample of the mother's blood can be
tested to check the baby's DNA.
The chromosome error that causes triple X syndrome can't be repaired, so the syndrome itself has no cure.
Treatment is based on symptoms and needs. Options that may be helpful include:

Early Educational Supportive Assistance and

Periodic environment and
intervention assistance. support in daily
screenings.  counseling. 
services. functioning. 

Treatment
 Complications
If help is not provided for developmental delays or motor
skill delays and difficulties, this can lead to undue stress
and anxiety, and eventually psychological problems and
social isolation.
 Conclusion
 One in every 1000 females has an extra X chromosome.
 The physical phenotype shows earlier growth and longer legs.
 The behavioural phenotype often shows auditory processing disorders, disorders in language development and
problems in forming stable interpersonal relationships.
 Psychiatric disorders seem to be more common in triple X syndrome.
 Quality of life seems to increase after leaving school.
 Further research is necessary. This is true in physical and behavioural aspects.
Bibliography

• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-
biology/triple-x-syndrome#:~:text=Trisomy%20X%20syndrome%20was%2
0first,at%2019%20years%20of%20age
.
• https://
www.mayoclinic.org/es-es/diseases-conditions/triple-x-syndrome/symptoms
-causes/syc-20350977
• https://kidshealth.org/es/parents/triple-x-syndrome.html
• https://www.healthline.com/health/triple-x-syndrome#treatment