Figures of

Speech
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 “All the world’s a
stage, and all the
men and women are
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 ➢ A figure of speech is a word or phrase that is used in a non-

literal way to create an effect. This effect may be rhetorical as in

the deliberate arrangement of words to achieve something

poetic, or imagery as in the use of language to suggest a visual

picture or make an idea more vivid

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 Types of Figures of Speech
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 “you fit into me
like a hook into
an eye”

Simile
It uses two specific words “like”
and “as” to compare two
unlikely things, that actually
have nothing in common.
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 “love is a
battlefield”

Metaphor
A metaphor also uses compares
to things that are in no way
similar. It does so to bring out
the symbolism.
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 “the boat
danced in the
puddle”
Personification
personify or represent a non-human
entity as human and/or give an
inanimate object or an intangible idea
of some human qualities such as
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emotions, or gestures or even speech

 “For the
millionth time,
clean the
kitchen”
Hyperbole
This exaggerates claims and
statements are never meant to be taken
at their literal meaning
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 “The bees buzzed
around in the
garden”
Onomatopoeia
This is a figure of speech where words
or phrases indicate sounds.
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 Becky's beagle
barked and bayed,
becoming
bothersome for Billy
Alliteration
a literary device that reflects repetition
in two or more nearby words of initial
consonant sounds
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 “Be bold. Be brief. Be
gone.”

Anaphora
the repetition of words or phrases in a
group of sentences, clauses, or poetic
lines
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 "Many are called,
but few are chosen."

Antithesis
It involves the bringing out of a
contrast in the ideas by an obvious
contrast in the words, clauses, or
sentences, within a parallel
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grammatical structure.
 “Those Lazy-Hazy-
Crazy Days of
Summer”

Assonance
the similarity in sound between two
syllables that are close together,
created by the same vowels but
different consonants
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 Coming home to a big
mess and saying, “it’s
great to be back”

Irony
contradictory statements or situations
reveal a reality that is different from
what appears to be true
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 My sister and I had a
friendly fight over the
lipstick.

Oxymoron
pairing two words together that are
opposing and/or contradictory.
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 “Faces in the crowd”

Synecdoche
figure of speech in which a part of
something is used to signify the whole,
or vice-versa
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 Quick Check
Identify the figure of speech in the following :

The cat ran away like the wind SIMILE

Suddenly in the middle of the night, the dog ONOMATOPOEIA

started barking.

I'm drowning in paperwork. HYPERBOLE

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 Diction and
Redundancy
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 Diction refers to a writer’s
purposeful word choice.
In literature, the words used by an author can
help establish a distinct voice and style.
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 COMMON TYPES OF DICTION
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 Formal Diction
use of elevated, sophisticated, professional language. Formal diction
does not feature slang or colloquialisms, but instead adheres to proper
grammar and complex sentence structure.

Example :
As heretofore stated by the representative of the firm, any indication of
microaggression among colleagues will not be tolerated.
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 Informal Diction
conversational, casual, realistic language. Informal diction is often
used by writers to portray real-life communication or dialogue between
realistic characters, and it is often utilized in narrative literary forms such as
short fiction and novels.

Example :
Text me when you’re ready to head home so I can pick you up.
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REDUNDANCY
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 Redundancy
Redundancy in writing is the unnecessary repetition or duplication of words,
phrases, sentences, ideas and information etc. - anything that could be
omitted without loss of significance or meaning.
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 Example :
new innovation – an innovation is a new idea or product etc. so
there is no need to add the word new

advance warning - a warning is already advance notification about

something; the word advance is superfluous here
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Thank you!
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